The Conflicts and Compromises of the Two Cosmologies Making Korean Shamanism

This article explores how the unique cosmology of Korean shamanism, which continues to function as a living religion in contemporary Korea, has been shaped. A key characteristic of the cosmology in Korean shamanism is its combination of two cosmological beliefs. First, it adheres to the general sham...

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Main Author: Dongkyu Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Religions
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/16/2/199
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author Dongkyu Kim
author_facet Dongkyu Kim
author_sort Dongkyu Kim
collection DOAJ
description This article explores how the unique cosmology of Korean shamanism, which continues to function as a living religion in contemporary Korea, has been shaped. A key characteristic of the cosmology in Korean shamanism is its combination of two cosmological beliefs. First, it adheres to the general shamanistic cosmology of protection, where suffering caused by supernatural beings can be overcome through the protection of even more powerful beings, who also assist in predicting the future. Second, it incorporates the belief that human life and the universe operate according to specific cosmological principles. The coexistence of these two distinct cosmologies which form an explanatory system of modern Korean shamanism reflects the historical experiences of Koreans with Confucianism during the Joseon dynasty and with Western modernity. In this paper, I analyze the dynamics of conflict and compromise between the two cosmologies through a historical approach and case studies. Specifically, I examine the use of the terms ‘<i>unse</i> (wheel of fortune)’ and ‘spirit’s intervention’ as conceptual metaphors representing each cosmology, as they are employed in interactions between shamans and their clients. Furthermore, I maintain that contemporary Korean shamanism is a form of religious practice constructed as a compromise between various worldviews, including those of shamans and their clients.
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spelling doaj-art-ae4a8ec6d4264a7ba359d738967d99332025-08-20T02:45:01ZengMDPI AGReligions2077-14442025-02-0116219910.3390/rel16020199The Conflicts and Compromises of the Two Cosmologies Making Korean ShamanismDongkyu Kim0Academic Center for K-Religions, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of KoreaThis article explores how the unique cosmology of Korean shamanism, which continues to function as a living religion in contemporary Korea, has been shaped. A key characteristic of the cosmology in Korean shamanism is its combination of two cosmological beliefs. First, it adheres to the general shamanistic cosmology of protection, where suffering caused by supernatural beings can be overcome through the protection of even more powerful beings, who also assist in predicting the future. Second, it incorporates the belief that human life and the universe operate according to specific cosmological principles. The coexistence of these two distinct cosmologies which form an explanatory system of modern Korean shamanism reflects the historical experiences of Koreans with Confucianism during the Joseon dynasty and with Western modernity. In this paper, I analyze the dynamics of conflict and compromise between the two cosmologies through a historical approach and case studies. Specifically, I examine the use of the terms ‘<i>unse</i> (wheel of fortune)’ and ‘spirit’s intervention’ as conceptual metaphors representing each cosmology, as they are employed in interactions between shamans and their clients. Furthermore, I maintain that contemporary Korean shamanism is a form of religious practice constructed as a compromise between various worldviews, including those of shamans and their clients.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/16/2/199Korean shamanismcosmologypatronal universeoptimal universe<i>unse</i>conceptual metaphor
spellingShingle Dongkyu Kim
The Conflicts and Compromises of the Two Cosmologies Making Korean Shamanism
Religions
Korean shamanism
cosmology
patronal universe
optimal universe
<i>unse</i>
conceptual metaphor
title The Conflicts and Compromises of the Two Cosmologies Making Korean Shamanism
title_full The Conflicts and Compromises of the Two Cosmologies Making Korean Shamanism
title_fullStr The Conflicts and Compromises of the Two Cosmologies Making Korean Shamanism
title_full_unstemmed The Conflicts and Compromises of the Two Cosmologies Making Korean Shamanism
title_short The Conflicts and Compromises of the Two Cosmologies Making Korean Shamanism
title_sort conflicts and compromises of the two cosmologies making korean shamanism
topic Korean shamanism
cosmology
patronal universe
optimal universe
<i>unse</i>
conceptual metaphor
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/16/2/199
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