The SADRA Algorithm as a Framework for Sustainable Innovation: A Review of Case Studies on 3D‐Printed Reinforced Concrete Beam and Fiber‐Reinforced Concrete

ABSTRACT The absence of a structured and evolutionary approach in civil engineering research often leads to fragmented innovations and limited progress. This study introduces the SADRA Algorithm, a philosophical and practical framework inspired by Mulla Sadra's concept of substantial motion, wh...

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Main Authors: Mohammad Hematibahar, Makhmud Kharun, Abhijit Bhowmik, Valentin Romanovski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-05-01
Series:Engineering Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70208
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author Mohammad Hematibahar
Makhmud Kharun
Abhijit Bhowmik
Valentin Romanovski
author_facet Mohammad Hematibahar
Makhmud Kharun
Abhijit Bhowmik
Valentin Romanovski
author_sort Mohammad Hematibahar
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT The absence of a structured and evolutionary approach in civil engineering research often leads to fragmented innovations and limited progress. This study introduces the SADRA Algorithm, a philosophical and practical framework inspired by Mulla Sadra's concept of substantial motion, which emphasizes continuous development and refinement in engineering projects. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated through two comparative case studies: 3D‐Printed Reinforced Concrete Beams and Fiber‐Reinforced Concrete. In the 3D printing case, an evolutionary sequence of projects shows a transition from ineffective hyperboloid shell structures (which reduced compressive and tensile strength) to optimized truss patterns like the Warren and Howe trusses, which improved flexural strength by over 14%. Further refinements led to innovations in print geometry and placement, such as the honeycomb infill at 10 mm from the beam's bottom, which enhanced flexural strength by 25%. Each project built upon previous insights, illustrating SADRA's principle of iterative progress. In contrast, fiber‐reinforced concrete studies (e.g., basalt and steel fiber integration) yielded isolated findings. For instance, while 0.5%–1.2% basalt fiber improved tensile and flexural strength, and steel fibers increased ductility and compressive performance, the lack of methodological continuity hindered broader evolution. The primary conclusion is that the SADRA Algorithm fosters sustainable engineering innovation by enabling project‐based evolution, offering a transformative methodology for civil engineering design, materials development, and project management.
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spelling doaj-art-ae433e4b754e45b08e8c1af7901fba732025-08-20T03:08:57ZengWileyEngineering Reports2577-81962025-05-0175n/an/a10.1002/eng2.70208The SADRA Algorithm as a Framework for Sustainable Innovation: A Review of Case Studies on 3D‐Printed Reinforced Concrete Beam and Fiber‐Reinforced ConcreteMohammad Hematibahar0Makhmud Kharun1Abhijit Bhowmik2Valentin Romanovski3Department of Reinforced Concrete and Stone Structures Moscow State University of Civil Engineering Moscow RussiaDepartment of Reinforced Concrete and Stone Structures Moscow State University of Civil Engineering Moscow RussiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Dream Institute of Technology Kolkata IndiaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USAABSTRACT The absence of a structured and evolutionary approach in civil engineering research often leads to fragmented innovations and limited progress. This study introduces the SADRA Algorithm, a philosophical and practical framework inspired by Mulla Sadra's concept of substantial motion, which emphasizes continuous development and refinement in engineering projects. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated through two comparative case studies: 3D‐Printed Reinforced Concrete Beams and Fiber‐Reinforced Concrete. In the 3D printing case, an evolutionary sequence of projects shows a transition from ineffective hyperboloid shell structures (which reduced compressive and tensile strength) to optimized truss patterns like the Warren and Howe trusses, which improved flexural strength by over 14%. Further refinements led to innovations in print geometry and placement, such as the honeycomb infill at 10 mm from the beam's bottom, which enhanced flexural strength by 25%. Each project built upon previous insights, illustrating SADRA's principle of iterative progress. In contrast, fiber‐reinforced concrete studies (e.g., basalt and steel fiber integration) yielded isolated findings. For instance, while 0.5%–1.2% basalt fiber improved tensile and flexural strength, and steel fibers increased ductility and compressive performance, the lack of methodological continuity hindered broader evolution. The primary conclusion is that the SADRA Algorithm fosters sustainable engineering innovation by enabling project‐based evolution, offering a transformative methodology for civil engineering design, materials development, and project management.https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.702083D printingproject managementreinforced concretesubstantial motion
spellingShingle Mohammad Hematibahar
Makhmud Kharun
Abhijit Bhowmik
Valentin Romanovski
The SADRA Algorithm as a Framework for Sustainable Innovation: A Review of Case Studies on 3D‐Printed Reinforced Concrete Beam and Fiber‐Reinforced Concrete
Engineering Reports
3D printing
project management
reinforced concrete
substantial motion
title The SADRA Algorithm as a Framework for Sustainable Innovation: A Review of Case Studies on 3D‐Printed Reinforced Concrete Beam and Fiber‐Reinforced Concrete
title_full The SADRA Algorithm as a Framework for Sustainable Innovation: A Review of Case Studies on 3D‐Printed Reinforced Concrete Beam and Fiber‐Reinforced Concrete
title_fullStr The SADRA Algorithm as a Framework for Sustainable Innovation: A Review of Case Studies on 3D‐Printed Reinforced Concrete Beam and Fiber‐Reinforced Concrete
title_full_unstemmed The SADRA Algorithm as a Framework for Sustainable Innovation: A Review of Case Studies on 3D‐Printed Reinforced Concrete Beam and Fiber‐Reinforced Concrete
title_short The SADRA Algorithm as a Framework for Sustainable Innovation: A Review of Case Studies on 3D‐Printed Reinforced Concrete Beam and Fiber‐Reinforced Concrete
title_sort sadra algorithm as a framework for sustainable innovation a review of case studies on 3d printed reinforced concrete beam and fiber reinforced concrete
topic 3D printing
project management
reinforced concrete
substantial motion
url https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70208
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