Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on brain death detection in German hospitals: a state-wide analysis of health data

Abstract Background The low rate of organ donation in Germany has been linked to a deficit in the detection of patients with brain death (BD) in hospitals. It is unclear how crisis-related health system disruptions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, affect this detection deficit. Methods Secondary data...

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Main Authors: Daniela Schoene, Martin Roessler, Katharina Eder, Albrecht Günther, Konrad Pleul, Axel Rahmel, Kristian Barlinn
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:Neurological Research and Practice
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-025-00368-1
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author Daniela Schoene
Martin Roessler
Katharina Eder
Albrecht Günther
Konrad Pleul
Axel Rahmel
Kristian Barlinn
author_facet Daniela Schoene
Martin Roessler
Katharina Eder
Albrecht Günther
Konrad Pleul
Axel Rahmel
Kristian Barlinn
author_sort Daniela Schoene
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The low rate of organ donation in Germany has been linked to a deficit in the detection of patients with brain death (BD) in hospitals. It is unclear how crisis-related health system disruptions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, affect this detection deficit. Methods Secondary data analysis of anonymized data from deceased patients with acute brain injury from Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia during the pre-pandemic and pandemic period (01/2019–12/2022). Pandemic phases were stratified according to the predominant SARS-CoV-2 variant. Logistic multilevel models were employed to assess outcomes including diagnosis of BD, deceased organ donations, missed cases with potential BD and organ donation-related interactions with the German Organ procurement organization. Models accounted for regional COVID-19 incidence and first-dose vaccination rates, as well as age, gender and types of brain injuries. Results A total of 11,100 deceased individuals from 136 hospitals were analyzed. An inverse association was observed between COVID-19 incidence and the determination of BD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.94, 95%CI [0.91; 0.97]; p < 0.001) as well as deceased organ donation (aOR 0.94, 95%CI [0.90; 0.98]; p = 0.001). When stratified by pandemic phases, this inverse association was evident for both BD determination (aOR 0.92, 95%CI [0.87; 0.99]; p = 0.02) and deceased organ donation (aOR 0.90, 95%CI [0.83; 0.97]; p = 0.01) during the initial wild-type phase. In the alpha phase, the association was observed only for BD determination (aOR 0.76, 95%CI [0.59; 0.98]; p = 0.03). No association was found in subsequent pandemic phases. Conclusion The initial impact on BD detection during the pandemic highlights the importance of the health system's adaptive capacity in times of crisis.
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spelling doaj-art-ae2f5587dd084b9d8663e4eec35f20a72025-08-20T02:59:31ZengBMCNeurological Research and Practice2524-34892025-02-017111010.1186/s42466-025-00368-1Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on brain death detection in German hospitals: a state-wide analysis of health dataDaniela Schoene0Martin Roessler1Katharina Eder2Albrecht Günther3Konrad Pleul4Axel Rahmel5Kristian Barlinn6Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität DresdenDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität DresdenDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität DresdenDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital JenaDeutsche Stiftung Organtransplantation (DSO)Deutsche Stiftung Organtransplantation (DSO)Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität DresdenAbstract Background The low rate of organ donation in Germany has been linked to a deficit in the detection of patients with brain death (BD) in hospitals. It is unclear how crisis-related health system disruptions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, affect this detection deficit. Methods Secondary data analysis of anonymized data from deceased patients with acute brain injury from Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia during the pre-pandemic and pandemic period (01/2019–12/2022). Pandemic phases were stratified according to the predominant SARS-CoV-2 variant. Logistic multilevel models were employed to assess outcomes including diagnosis of BD, deceased organ donations, missed cases with potential BD and organ donation-related interactions with the German Organ procurement organization. Models accounted for regional COVID-19 incidence and first-dose vaccination rates, as well as age, gender and types of brain injuries. Results A total of 11,100 deceased individuals from 136 hospitals were analyzed. An inverse association was observed between COVID-19 incidence and the determination of BD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.94, 95%CI [0.91; 0.97]; p < 0.001) as well as deceased organ donation (aOR 0.94, 95%CI [0.90; 0.98]; p = 0.001). When stratified by pandemic phases, this inverse association was evident for both BD determination (aOR 0.92, 95%CI [0.87; 0.99]; p = 0.02) and deceased organ donation (aOR 0.90, 95%CI [0.83; 0.97]; p = 0.01) during the initial wild-type phase. In the alpha phase, the association was observed only for BD determination (aOR 0.76, 95%CI [0.59; 0.98]; p = 0.03). No association was found in subsequent pandemic phases. Conclusion The initial impact on BD detection during the pandemic highlights the importance of the health system's adaptive capacity in times of crisis.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-025-00368-1COVID-19COVID-19 pandemicBrain deathBrain death detectionGerman hospitals
spellingShingle Daniela Schoene
Martin Roessler
Katharina Eder
Albrecht Günther
Konrad Pleul
Axel Rahmel
Kristian Barlinn
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on brain death detection in German hospitals: a state-wide analysis of health data
Neurological Research and Practice
COVID-19
COVID-19 pandemic
Brain death
Brain death detection
German hospitals
title Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on brain death detection in German hospitals: a state-wide analysis of health data
title_full Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on brain death detection in German hospitals: a state-wide analysis of health data
title_fullStr Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on brain death detection in German hospitals: a state-wide analysis of health data
title_full_unstemmed Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on brain death detection in German hospitals: a state-wide analysis of health data
title_short Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on brain death detection in German hospitals: a state-wide analysis of health data
title_sort impact of the covid 19 pandemic on brain death detection in german hospitals a state wide analysis of health data
topic COVID-19
COVID-19 pandemic
Brain death
Brain death detection
German hospitals
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-025-00368-1
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