Fault Detection and Classification for Photovoltaic Panel System Using Machine Learning Techniques

ABSTRACT The deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) panel systems, as renewable energy sources, has seen a rise recently. Consequently, it is imperative to implement efficient methods for the accurate detection and diagnosis of PV system faults to prevent unexpected power disruptions. This paper intr...

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Main Authors: Ghalia Nassreddine, Amal El Arid, Mohamad Nassereddine, Obada Al Khatib
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Applied AI Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ail2.115
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author Ghalia Nassreddine
Amal El Arid
Mohamad Nassereddine
Obada Al Khatib
author_facet Ghalia Nassreddine
Amal El Arid
Mohamad Nassereddine
Obada Al Khatib
author_sort Ghalia Nassreddine
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT The deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) panel systems, as renewable energy sources, has seen a rise recently. Consequently, it is imperative to implement efficient methods for the accurate detection and diagnosis of PV system faults to prevent unexpected power disruptions. This paper introduces a potential strategy for fault identification and classification through the utilization of machine learning (ML) techniques. The study aimed to use ML algorithms to identify and classify normal operations, seven different types of faults, in two operational modes (maximum power point tracking and intermediate power point tracking). Four machine learning algorithms and ensemble methods (decision trees, k‐nearest neighbors, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting) were employed, followed by hyperparameter tuning and cross‐validation to determine the best configuration. The results indicated that ensemble methods, particularly XGBoost, excelled in detecting and classifying faults in PV systems, achieving a 99% accuracy rate after hyperparameter adjustments. The TPR values show a high sensitivity of 0.999, with some achieving a perfect score of 1.000. The FPR shows very low values, with the majority of metrics indicating FPRs at or close to 0%. This performance is crucial in the solar energy context, as failing to detect faults can result in significant energy loss and increased maintenance costs.
format Article
id doaj-art-ae2eebdcb50a430ba2a919e61480f8c4
institution Kabale University
issn 2689-5595
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Applied AI Letters
spelling doaj-art-ae2eebdcb50a430ba2a919e61480f8c42025-08-20T03:46:58ZengWileyApplied AI Letters2689-55952025-04-0162n/an/a10.1002/ail2.115Fault Detection and Classification for Photovoltaic Panel System Using Machine Learning TechniquesGhalia Nassreddine0Amal El Arid1Mohamad Nassereddine2Obada Al Khatib3Rafik Hariri University Meshref LebanonRafik Hariri University Meshref LebanonUniversity of Wollongong in Dubai Dubai UAEUniversity of Wollongong in Dubai Dubai UAEABSTRACT The deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) panel systems, as renewable energy sources, has seen a rise recently. Consequently, it is imperative to implement efficient methods for the accurate detection and diagnosis of PV system faults to prevent unexpected power disruptions. This paper introduces a potential strategy for fault identification and classification through the utilization of machine learning (ML) techniques. The study aimed to use ML algorithms to identify and classify normal operations, seven different types of faults, in two operational modes (maximum power point tracking and intermediate power point tracking). Four machine learning algorithms and ensemble methods (decision trees, k‐nearest neighbors, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting) were employed, followed by hyperparameter tuning and cross‐validation to determine the best configuration. The results indicated that ensemble methods, particularly XGBoost, excelled in detecting and classifying faults in PV systems, achieving a 99% accuracy rate after hyperparameter adjustments. The TPR values show a high sensitivity of 0.999, with some achieving a perfect score of 1.000. The FPR shows very low values, with the majority of metrics indicating FPRs at or close to 0%. This performance is crucial in the solar energy context, as failing to detect faults can result in significant energy loss and increased maintenance costs.https://doi.org/10.1002/ail2.115cross‐validationensemble learningfault classificationfault detectionmachine learningphotovoltaic panel system
spellingShingle Ghalia Nassreddine
Amal El Arid
Mohamad Nassereddine
Obada Al Khatib
Fault Detection and Classification for Photovoltaic Panel System Using Machine Learning Techniques
Applied AI Letters
cross‐validation
ensemble learning
fault classification
fault detection
machine learning
photovoltaic panel system
title Fault Detection and Classification for Photovoltaic Panel System Using Machine Learning Techniques
title_full Fault Detection and Classification for Photovoltaic Panel System Using Machine Learning Techniques
title_fullStr Fault Detection and Classification for Photovoltaic Panel System Using Machine Learning Techniques
title_full_unstemmed Fault Detection and Classification for Photovoltaic Panel System Using Machine Learning Techniques
title_short Fault Detection and Classification for Photovoltaic Panel System Using Machine Learning Techniques
title_sort fault detection and classification for photovoltaic panel system using machine learning techniques
topic cross‐validation
ensemble learning
fault classification
fault detection
machine learning
photovoltaic panel system
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ail2.115
work_keys_str_mv AT ghalianassreddine faultdetectionandclassificationforphotovoltaicpanelsystemusingmachinelearningtechniques
AT amalelarid faultdetectionandclassificationforphotovoltaicpanelsystemusingmachinelearningtechniques
AT mohamadnassereddine faultdetectionandclassificationforphotovoltaicpanelsystemusingmachinelearningtechniques
AT obadaalkhatib faultdetectionandclassificationforphotovoltaicpanelsystemusingmachinelearningtechniques