Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Periodontology: A Scoping Review

<i>Background and Objectives</i>: This scoping review aimed to identify and synthesize current evidence on the clinical applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in periodontology, focusing on its potential to improve diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient care. <i>Materials...

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Main Authors: Georgios S. Chatzopoulos, Vasiliki P. Koidou, Lazaros Tsalikis, Eleftherios G. Kaklamanos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Medicina
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/6/1066
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author Georgios S. Chatzopoulos
Vasiliki P. Koidou
Lazaros Tsalikis
Eleftherios G. Kaklamanos
author_facet Georgios S. Chatzopoulos
Vasiliki P. Koidou
Lazaros Tsalikis
Eleftherios G. Kaklamanos
author_sort Georgios S. Chatzopoulos
collection DOAJ
description <i>Background and Objectives</i>: This scoping review aimed to identify and synthesize current evidence on the clinical applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in periodontology, focusing on its potential to improve diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient care. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed-MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and Web of Science™ Core Collection. Studies were included if they met predefined PICO criteria relating to AI applications in periodontology. Due to the heterogeneity of study designs, imaging modalities, and outcome measures, a scoping review approach was employed rather than a systematic review. <i>Results</i>: A total of 6394 articles were initially identified and screened. The review revealed a significant interest in utilizing AI, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), for various periodontal applications. Studies demonstrated the potential of AI models to accurately detect and classify alveolar bone loss, intrabony defects, furcation involvements, gingivitis, dental biofilm, and calculus from dental radiographs and intraoral images. AI systems often achieved diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity comparable to or exceeding that of dental professionals. Various CNN architectures and methodologies, including ensemble models and task-specific designs, showed promise in enhancing periodontal disease assessment and management. <i>Conclusions</i>: AI, especially deep learning techniques, holds considerable potential to revolutionize periodontology by improving the accuracy and efficiency of diagnostic and treatment planning processes. While challenges remain, including the need for further research with larger and more diverse datasets, the reviewed evidence supports the integration of AI technologies into dental practice to aid clinicians and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-ae2da9e253154adeaff0fbf0207dea302025-08-20T03:27:37ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442025-06-01616106610.3390/medicina61061066Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Periodontology: A Scoping ReviewGeorgios S. Chatzopoulos0Vasiliki P. Koidou1Lazaros Tsalikis2Eleftherios G. Kaklamanos3Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceCentre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University London (QMUL), London E1 4NS, UKDepartment of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece<i>Background and Objectives</i>: This scoping review aimed to identify and synthesize current evidence on the clinical applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in periodontology, focusing on its potential to improve diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient care. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed-MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and Web of Science™ Core Collection. Studies were included if they met predefined PICO criteria relating to AI applications in periodontology. Due to the heterogeneity of study designs, imaging modalities, and outcome measures, a scoping review approach was employed rather than a systematic review. <i>Results</i>: A total of 6394 articles were initially identified and screened. The review revealed a significant interest in utilizing AI, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), for various periodontal applications. Studies demonstrated the potential of AI models to accurately detect and classify alveolar bone loss, intrabony defects, furcation involvements, gingivitis, dental biofilm, and calculus from dental radiographs and intraoral images. AI systems often achieved diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity comparable to or exceeding that of dental professionals. Various CNN architectures and methodologies, including ensemble models and task-specific designs, showed promise in enhancing periodontal disease assessment and management. <i>Conclusions</i>: AI, especially deep learning techniques, holds considerable potential to revolutionize periodontology by improving the accuracy and efficiency of diagnostic and treatment planning processes. While challenges remain, including the need for further research with larger and more diverse datasets, the reviewed evidence supports the integration of AI technologies into dental practice to aid clinicians and ultimately improve patient outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/6/1066artificial intelligencediagnosistreatment planningdental imagingperiodontology
spellingShingle Georgios S. Chatzopoulos
Vasiliki P. Koidou
Lazaros Tsalikis
Eleftherios G. Kaklamanos
Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Periodontology: A Scoping Review
Medicina
artificial intelligence
diagnosis
treatment planning
dental imaging
periodontology
title Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Periodontology: A Scoping Review
title_full Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Periodontology: A Scoping Review
title_fullStr Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Periodontology: A Scoping Review
title_full_unstemmed Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Periodontology: A Scoping Review
title_short Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Periodontology: A Scoping Review
title_sort clinical applications of artificial intelligence in periodontology a scoping review
topic artificial intelligence
diagnosis
treatment planning
dental imaging
periodontology
url https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/6/1066
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