An electrochemical sensor for dopamine on a graphene-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulphonate hybrid ink nanoplatform
Abstract Dopamine can be used as a biomarker for diseases such as Alzheimer’s, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, mania, to mention a few, as well as addiction to tobacco. Thus, its measurement is of biomedical importance. We present an easy-to-construct, one-step, electrochemical sensor for dopamine...
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| Format: | Article |
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Springer
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Discover Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06694-y |
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| author | Sesethu Makaluza Nyasha Midzi Foluke O. G. Olorundare Busisiwe N. Zwane Duduzile Nkosi Omotayo A. Arotiba |
| author_facet | Sesethu Makaluza Nyasha Midzi Foluke O. G. Olorundare Busisiwe N. Zwane Duduzile Nkosi Omotayo A. Arotiba |
| author_sort | Sesethu Makaluza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Dopamine can be used as a biomarker for diseases such as Alzheimer’s, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, mania, to mention a few, as well as addiction to tobacco. Thus, its measurement is of biomedical importance. We present an easy-to-construct, one-step, electrochemical sensor for dopamine based on drop coating of a commercial graphene/poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulphonate (Gr-PEDOT:PSS) hybrid ink dispersion on a bare glassy carbon electrode surface. The conductive polymer’s structural properties and composition were explored using XRD, Raman, FTIR spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The nanocomposite exhibited a uniform size distribution and functional groups such as aromatic, thiol, and olefinic bonds improved the surface chemistry between the electrolyte/analyte and the electrode. Characterization through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and voltammetry demonstrated that the Gr-PEDOT:PSS hybrid ink sensor significantly enhances the electron transfer kinetics at the bare electrode surface and therefore improve the electrooxidation of dopamine. The sensor achieved a detection limit of 0.19 µM within a linear concentration range of 3.13–400 µM dopamine. It also exhibited high selectivity against potential interfering agents like ascorbic acid, caffeine, and urea, with recovery percentages ranging from 105 to 109% in human serum samples. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ae2a2b9640e345e785d4147cd3b3b613 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 3004-9261 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Discover Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-ae2a2b9640e345e785d4147cd3b3b6132025-08-20T02:08:09ZengSpringerDiscover Applied Sciences3004-92612025-04-017411310.1007/s42452-025-06694-yAn electrochemical sensor for dopamine on a graphene-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulphonate hybrid ink nanoplatformSesethu Makaluza0Nyasha Midzi1Foluke O. G. Olorundare2Busisiwe N. Zwane3Duduzile Nkosi4Omotayo A. Arotiba5Department of Chemical Sciences, University of JohannesburgDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of JohannesburgDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of JohannesburgDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of JohannesburgDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of JohannesburgDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of JohannesburgAbstract Dopamine can be used as a biomarker for diseases such as Alzheimer’s, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, mania, to mention a few, as well as addiction to tobacco. Thus, its measurement is of biomedical importance. We present an easy-to-construct, one-step, electrochemical sensor for dopamine based on drop coating of a commercial graphene/poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulphonate (Gr-PEDOT:PSS) hybrid ink dispersion on a bare glassy carbon electrode surface. The conductive polymer’s structural properties and composition were explored using XRD, Raman, FTIR spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The nanocomposite exhibited a uniform size distribution and functional groups such as aromatic, thiol, and olefinic bonds improved the surface chemistry between the electrolyte/analyte and the electrode. Characterization through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and voltammetry demonstrated that the Gr-PEDOT:PSS hybrid ink sensor significantly enhances the electron transfer kinetics at the bare electrode surface and therefore improve the electrooxidation of dopamine. The sensor achieved a detection limit of 0.19 µM within a linear concentration range of 3.13–400 µM dopamine. It also exhibited high selectivity against potential interfering agents like ascorbic acid, caffeine, and urea, with recovery percentages ranging from 105 to 109% in human serum samples.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06694-yElectrochemical sensorDopamineGraphene-poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)Polystyrene sulphonateElectrode modification |
| spellingShingle | Sesethu Makaluza Nyasha Midzi Foluke O. G. Olorundare Busisiwe N. Zwane Duduzile Nkosi Omotayo A. Arotiba An electrochemical sensor for dopamine on a graphene-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulphonate hybrid ink nanoplatform Discover Applied Sciences Electrochemical sensor Dopamine Graphene-poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polystyrene sulphonate Electrode modification |
| title | An electrochemical sensor for dopamine on a graphene-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulphonate hybrid ink nanoplatform |
| title_full | An electrochemical sensor for dopamine on a graphene-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulphonate hybrid ink nanoplatform |
| title_fullStr | An electrochemical sensor for dopamine on a graphene-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulphonate hybrid ink nanoplatform |
| title_full_unstemmed | An electrochemical sensor for dopamine on a graphene-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulphonate hybrid ink nanoplatform |
| title_short | An electrochemical sensor for dopamine on a graphene-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulphonate hybrid ink nanoplatform |
| title_sort | electrochemical sensor for dopamine on a graphene poly 3 4 ethylenedioxythiophene polystyrene sulphonate hybrid ink nanoplatform |
| topic | Electrochemical sensor Dopamine Graphene-poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polystyrene sulphonate Electrode modification |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06694-y |
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