Ultra-compact dual-channel integrated CO2 infrared gas sensor

Abstract Expiratory CO2 concentrations can directly reflect human physiological conditions, and their detection is highly important in the treatment and rehabilitation of critically ill patients. Existing respiratory gas analyzers suffer from large sizes and high power consumption due to the limitat...

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Main Authors: Liyang Feng, Yanxiang Liu, Yi Wang, Hong Zhou, Zhongming Lu, Tie Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2024-10-01
Series:Microsystems & Nanoengineering
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-024-00782-6
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author Liyang Feng
Yanxiang Liu
Yi Wang
Hong Zhou
Zhongming Lu
Tie Li
author_facet Liyang Feng
Yanxiang Liu
Yi Wang
Hong Zhou
Zhongming Lu
Tie Li
author_sort Liyang Feng
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Expiratory CO2 concentrations can directly reflect human physiological conditions, and their detection is highly important in the treatment and rehabilitation of critically ill patients. Existing respiratory gas analyzers suffer from large sizes and high power consumption due to the limitations of the internal CO2 sensors, which prevent them from being wearable to track active people. The internal and external interference and sensitivity limitations must be overcome to realize wearable respiratory monitoring applications for CO2 sensors. In this work, an ultra-compact CO2 sensor was developed by integrating a microelectromechanical system emitter and thermopile detectors with an optical gas chamber; the power consumption of the light source and ambient temperature of the thermally sensitive devices were reduced by heat transfer control; the time to reach stabilization of the sensor was shortened; the humidity resistance of the sensor was improved by a dual-channel design; the light loss of the sensor was compensated by improving the optical coupling efficiency, which was combined with the amplitude trimming network to equivalently improve the sensitivity of the sensor. The minimum size of the developed sensor was 12 mm × 6 mm × 4 mm, and the reading error was <4% of the reading from −20 °C to 50 °C. The minimum power consumption of the sensor was ~33 mW, and the response time and recovery time were 10 s (@1 Hz), and the sensor had good humidity resistance, stability, and repeatability. These results indicate that the CO2 sensor developed using this strategy has great potential for wearable respiratory monitoring applications.
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spelling doaj-art-ae2933bbe4964b97b1b8326b3d58445f2025-08-20T02:11:25ZengNature Publishing GroupMicrosystems & Nanoengineering2055-74342024-10-0110111410.1038/s41378-024-00782-6Ultra-compact dual-channel integrated CO2 infrared gas sensorLiyang Feng0Yanxiang Liu1Yi Wang2Hong Zhou3Zhongming Lu4Tie Li5State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract Expiratory CO2 concentrations can directly reflect human physiological conditions, and their detection is highly important in the treatment and rehabilitation of critically ill patients. Existing respiratory gas analyzers suffer from large sizes and high power consumption due to the limitations of the internal CO2 sensors, which prevent them from being wearable to track active people. The internal and external interference and sensitivity limitations must be overcome to realize wearable respiratory monitoring applications for CO2 sensors. In this work, an ultra-compact CO2 sensor was developed by integrating a microelectromechanical system emitter and thermopile detectors with an optical gas chamber; the power consumption of the light source and ambient temperature of the thermally sensitive devices were reduced by heat transfer control; the time to reach stabilization of the sensor was shortened; the humidity resistance of the sensor was improved by a dual-channel design; the light loss of the sensor was compensated by improving the optical coupling efficiency, which was combined with the amplitude trimming network to equivalently improve the sensitivity of the sensor. The minimum size of the developed sensor was 12 mm × 6 mm × 4 mm, and the reading error was <4% of the reading from −20 °C to 50 °C. The minimum power consumption of the sensor was ~33 mW, and the response time and recovery time were 10 s (@1 Hz), and the sensor had good humidity resistance, stability, and repeatability. These results indicate that the CO2 sensor developed using this strategy has great potential for wearable respiratory monitoring applications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-024-00782-6
spellingShingle Liyang Feng
Yanxiang Liu
Yi Wang
Hong Zhou
Zhongming Lu
Tie Li
Ultra-compact dual-channel integrated CO2 infrared gas sensor
Microsystems & Nanoengineering
title Ultra-compact dual-channel integrated CO2 infrared gas sensor
title_full Ultra-compact dual-channel integrated CO2 infrared gas sensor
title_fullStr Ultra-compact dual-channel integrated CO2 infrared gas sensor
title_full_unstemmed Ultra-compact dual-channel integrated CO2 infrared gas sensor
title_short Ultra-compact dual-channel integrated CO2 infrared gas sensor
title_sort ultra compact dual channel integrated co2 infrared gas sensor
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-024-00782-6
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AT yiwang ultracompactdualchannelintegratedco2infraredgassensor
AT hongzhou ultracompactdualchannelintegratedco2infraredgassensor
AT zhongminglu ultracompactdualchannelintegratedco2infraredgassensor
AT tieli ultracompactdualchannelintegratedco2infraredgassensor