Assessment of Different Conventional and Biofortified Wheat Genotypes Based on Biology and Damage Pattern of <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> and <i>Trogoderma granarium</i>
The lesser grain borer, <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and khapra beetle, <i>Trogoderma granarium</i> E. (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) are primary stored-grain insect pests. Differences in certain biological and physical parameters of both pest specie...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Hafiz Muhammad Bilal Yousuf Muhammad Yasin Muhammad Asif Khan Asim Abbasi Muhammad Arshad Muhammad Anjum Aqueel Inzamam Ul Haq Waleed A. A. Alsakkaf Marwa I. Mackled Nazih Y. Rebouh Hayssam M. Ali |
| author_facet | Hafiz Muhammad Bilal Yousuf Muhammad Yasin Muhammad Asif Khan Asim Abbasi Muhammad Arshad Muhammad Anjum Aqueel Inzamam Ul Haq Waleed A. A. Alsakkaf Marwa I. Mackled Nazih Y. Rebouh Hayssam M. Ali |
| author_sort | Hafiz Muhammad Bilal Yousuf |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The lesser grain borer, <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and khapra beetle, <i>Trogoderma granarium</i> E. (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) are primary stored-grain insect pests. Differences in certain biological and physical parameters of both pest species and wheat genotypes were investigated under laboratory conditions. Zinc (Zn)-biofortified (Zincol-2016 and Akbar-2019) and conventional (Arooj-2022, Nawab-2021, Dilkash-2021, Bhakkar Star-2019) wheat genotypes were used in this study. Zn-biofortified genotypes outperformed the conventional ones, with significant differences observed in fecundity, percent adult emergence, total developmental duration, percent grain damage, and weight loss of both insect species. The results further revealed that the fecundity of <i>R. dominica</i> and <i>T. granarium</i> were lowest on Akbar-2019 in both the free-choice test (42.50 and 33.17) and no-choice test (35.50 and 32.50), respectively. Similarly, percent adult emergence of both insect species was also lowest on Akbar-2019 in both the free-choice test (69.78 and 70.28%) and no-choice test (67.38 and 70.71%). The total developmental period also showed significant variation among the tested genotypes. The longest developmental period was recorded in Akbar-2019, i.e., 44.33 and 58.83 days, for <i>R. dominica</i> and <i>T. granarium</i>, respectively. Similarly, percent grain damage (13.23 and 10.33%) and weight loss (3.62 and 2.12%) were found to be minimum in Akbar-2019 for both pest species, respectively. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between grain moisture content and damage parameters, suggesting that the higher moisture content may aggravate the percent grain damage and weight loss. These findings indicate that the nutritional qualities of Zn-biofortified wheat genotypes negatively affected the development of both insect species; thus, it can be an efficacious approach not only for ensuring food security but also for protecting grains against storage pests. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-ae1b657360fe4c80a895b7407acdf7b42025-01-24T13:35:46ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502025-01-011616610.3390/insects16010066Assessment of Different Conventional and Biofortified Wheat Genotypes Based on Biology and Damage Pattern of <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> and <i>Trogoderma granarium</i>Hafiz Muhammad Bilal Yousuf0Muhammad Yasin1Muhammad Asif Khan2Asim Abbasi3Muhammad Arshad4Muhammad Anjum Aqueel5Inzamam Ul Haq6Waleed A. A. Alsakkaf7Marwa I. Mackled8Nazih Y. Rebouh9Hayssam M. Ali10Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanDepartment of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanDepartment of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanState Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, MOE, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Stored Product Pests, Plant Protection Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Sabahia, Alexandria 21531, EgyptDepartment of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaThe lesser grain borer, <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and khapra beetle, <i>Trogoderma granarium</i> E. (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) are primary stored-grain insect pests. Differences in certain biological and physical parameters of both pest species and wheat genotypes were investigated under laboratory conditions. Zinc (Zn)-biofortified (Zincol-2016 and Akbar-2019) and conventional (Arooj-2022, Nawab-2021, Dilkash-2021, Bhakkar Star-2019) wheat genotypes were used in this study. Zn-biofortified genotypes outperformed the conventional ones, with significant differences observed in fecundity, percent adult emergence, total developmental duration, percent grain damage, and weight loss of both insect species. The results further revealed that the fecundity of <i>R. dominica</i> and <i>T. granarium</i> were lowest on Akbar-2019 in both the free-choice test (42.50 and 33.17) and no-choice test (35.50 and 32.50), respectively. Similarly, percent adult emergence of both insect species was also lowest on Akbar-2019 in both the free-choice test (69.78 and 70.28%) and no-choice test (67.38 and 70.71%). The total developmental period also showed significant variation among the tested genotypes. The longest developmental period was recorded in Akbar-2019, i.e., 44.33 and 58.83 days, for <i>R. dominica</i> and <i>T. granarium</i>, respectively. Similarly, percent grain damage (13.23 and 10.33%) and weight loss (3.62 and 2.12%) were found to be minimum in Akbar-2019 for both pest species, respectively. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between grain moisture content and damage parameters, suggesting that the higher moisture content may aggravate the percent grain damage and weight loss. These findings indicate that the nutritional qualities of Zn-biofortified wheat genotypes negatively affected the development of both insect species; thus, it can be an efficacious approach not only for ensuring food security but also for protecting grains against storage pests.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/1/66lesser grain borerkhapra beetlewheatstorage pestszinc-biofortifiedgrain damage |
| spellingShingle | Hafiz Muhammad Bilal Yousuf Muhammad Yasin Muhammad Asif Khan Asim Abbasi Muhammad Arshad Muhammad Anjum Aqueel Inzamam Ul Haq Waleed A. A. Alsakkaf Marwa I. Mackled Nazih Y. Rebouh Hayssam M. Ali Assessment of Different Conventional and Biofortified Wheat Genotypes Based on Biology and Damage Pattern of <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> and <i>Trogoderma granarium</i> Insects lesser grain borer khapra beetle wheat storage pests zinc-biofortified grain damage |
| title | Assessment of Different Conventional and Biofortified Wheat Genotypes Based on Biology and Damage Pattern of <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> and <i>Trogoderma granarium</i> |
| title_full | Assessment of Different Conventional and Biofortified Wheat Genotypes Based on Biology and Damage Pattern of <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> and <i>Trogoderma granarium</i> |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Different Conventional and Biofortified Wheat Genotypes Based on Biology and Damage Pattern of <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> and <i>Trogoderma granarium</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Different Conventional and Biofortified Wheat Genotypes Based on Biology and Damage Pattern of <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> and <i>Trogoderma granarium</i> |
| title_short | Assessment of Different Conventional and Biofortified Wheat Genotypes Based on Biology and Damage Pattern of <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> and <i>Trogoderma granarium</i> |
| title_sort | assessment of different conventional and biofortified wheat genotypes based on biology and damage pattern of i rhyzopertha dominica i and i trogoderma granarium i |
| topic | lesser grain borer khapra beetle wheat storage pests zinc-biofortified grain damage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/1/66 |
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