On-site reactor for treating source-separated human urine with sparingly soluble fumaric acid in building-scale sanitation systems

To complement innovations at the front- and back-ends of source-separating sanitation systems, this study demonstrates a novel approach for stabilising human urine using sparingly soluble fumaric acid. A reactor was developed to dose fumaric acid passively into freshly excreted urine and was operate...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Prithvi Simha, Nea Ahopalo, Oliver Pay, Johannes Jermakka, Anastasija Vasiljev
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Environmental Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1546396/full
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