The Impact of Undernutrition and Anemia on HIV-Related Mortality Among Children on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background Although there have been significant advancements in providing HIV-infected children with access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the mortality rates have remained unacceptably high. Inadequate nutrient intake or absorption is a widespread problem in several African nations, resu...

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Main Authors: Sisay Moges, Bereket Aberham Lajore, Abera Feyisa Oleba, Abraham Samuel Godebo, Mengistu Lodebo Funga
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44197-024-00321-6
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author Sisay Moges
Bereket Aberham Lajore
Abera Feyisa Oleba
Abraham Samuel Godebo
Mengistu Lodebo Funga
author_facet Sisay Moges
Bereket Aberham Lajore
Abera Feyisa Oleba
Abraham Samuel Godebo
Mengistu Lodebo Funga
author_sort Sisay Moges
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Although there have been significant advancements in providing HIV-infected children with access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the mortality rates have remained unacceptably high. Inadequate nutrient intake or absorption is a widespread problem in several African nations, resulting in undernutrition and anemia. However, the pooled effect of malnutrition and anemia on HIV-related death related to children receiving ART was not investigated in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We searched multiple electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science) for observational studies published between January 1, 2010, and April 24, 2024 that reported the risk factors or effects of undernutrition and, anemia on HIV-related mortality among children. Study selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation were carried out separately by two reviewers. A meta-analysis was conducted using random effect models. Results The review included 27 studies with a combined total of 61,796 study participants. The study findings showed that severe wasting (HR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.87–3.30), being underweight (HR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.64–2.72), and Anemia (HR: 2.58; 95% CI: 2.08–3.19) were highly linked to HIV-related death among children. The risk of death due to anemia was greater among children under the age of 5 years than older children. Conclusion Undernutrition and anemia in sub-Saharan African children increased the risk of HIV-related death. The impact of malnutrition and anemia among under 5 years old children with HIV/AIDS was more pronounced, suggesting that these conditions at this early age can have more serious consequences for a child’s survival. The importance of combining nutrition with HIV treatment programs in sub-Saharan African countries is crucial.
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spelling doaj-art-ae04dd0c700f44deb46a4dd6cf7bbd582025-08-20T01:59:42ZengSpringerJournal of Epidemiology and Global Health2210-60142024-11-011441453146310.1007/s44197-024-00321-6The Impact of Undernutrition and Anemia on HIV-Related Mortality Among Children on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisSisay Moges0Bereket Aberham Lajore1Abera Feyisa Oleba2Abraham Samuel Godebo3Mengistu Lodebo Funga4Department of Family Health, Hossana College of ScienceDepartment of Family Health, Hossana College of ScienceDepartment of Clinical Nursing, Hossana College of ScienceDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care, Hossana College of ScienceDepartment of Midwifery, Hossana College of ScienceAbstract Background Although there have been significant advancements in providing HIV-infected children with access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the mortality rates have remained unacceptably high. Inadequate nutrient intake or absorption is a widespread problem in several African nations, resulting in undernutrition and anemia. However, the pooled effect of malnutrition and anemia on HIV-related death related to children receiving ART was not investigated in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We searched multiple electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science) for observational studies published between January 1, 2010, and April 24, 2024 that reported the risk factors or effects of undernutrition and, anemia on HIV-related mortality among children. Study selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation were carried out separately by two reviewers. A meta-analysis was conducted using random effect models. Results The review included 27 studies with a combined total of 61,796 study participants. The study findings showed that severe wasting (HR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.87–3.30), being underweight (HR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.64–2.72), and Anemia (HR: 2.58; 95% CI: 2.08–3.19) were highly linked to HIV-related death among children. The risk of death due to anemia was greater among children under the age of 5 years than older children. Conclusion Undernutrition and anemia in sub-Saharan African children increased the risk of HIV-related death. The impact of malnutrition and anemia among under 5 years old children with HIV/AIDS was more pronounced, suggesting that these conditions at this early age can have more serious consequences for a child’s survival. The importance of combining nutrition with HIV treatment programs in sub-Saharan African countries is crucial.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44197-024-00321-6Effect of undernutritionEffect of anemiaRisk factor for HIV mortalityChildrenSub-saharan Africa
spellingShingle Sisay Moges
Bereket Aberham Lajore
Abera Feyisa Oleba
Abraham Samuel Godebo
Mengistu Lodebo Funga
The Impact of Undernutrition and Anemia on HIV-Related Mortality Among Children on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
Effect of undernutrition
Effect of anemia
Risk factor for HIV mortality
Children
Sub-saharan Africa
title The Impact of Undernutrition and Anemia on HIV-Related Mortality Among Children on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full The Impact of Undernutrition and Anemia on HIV-Related Mortality Among Children on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr The Impact of Undernutrition and Anemia on HIV-Related Mortality Among Children on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed The Impact of Undernutrition and Anemia on HIV-Related Mortality Among Children on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short The Impact of Undernutrition and Anemia on HIV-Related Mortality Among Children on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort impact of undernutrition and anemia on hiv related mortality among children on art in sub saharan africa a systematic review and meta analysis
topic Effect of undernutrition
Effect of anemia
Risk factor for HIV mortality
Children
Sub-saharan Africa
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44197-024-00321-6
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