Grand Design Spiral Arms in the Compact, Embedded Protoplanetary Disk of Haro 6-13
Millimeter continuum spiral arms have so far only been detected in a handful of protoplanetary disks, and thus we have a limited understanding of the circumstances in which they can form. In particular, substructures in small disks ( R ⪅ 50 au) have not been well characterized in comparison with lar...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade1d8 |
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| author | Jane Huang Masataka Aizawa Jaehan Bae Sean M. Andrews Myriam Benisty Edwin A. Bergin Stefano Facchini Christian Ginski Michael Küffmeier |
| author_facet | Jane Huang Masataka Aizawa Jaehan Bae Sean M. Andrews Myriam Benisty Edwin A. Bergin Stefano Facchini Christian Ginski Michael Küffmeier |
| author_sort | Jane Huang |
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| description | Millimeter continuum spiral arms have so far only been detected in a handful of protoplanetary disks, and thus we have a limited understanding of the circumstances in which they can form. In particular, substructures in small disks ( R ⪅ 50 au) have not been well characterized in comparison with large disks. We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 1.3 mm continuum observations of the disk around the T Tauri star Haro 6-13 at a resolution of $\sim 0\mathop{.}\limits^{^{\prime\prime} }04$ (∼5 au). A pair of low-contrast spiral arms are detected at disk radii from ∼10 to 35 au. They can be approximated as Archimedean spirals with pitch angles ranging from ∼10° to 30°. The low value of the disk-averaged spectral index between 1.3 and 3 mm ( α = 2.1) and the high brightness temperatures suggest that the millimeter continuum is likely optically thick and thus may hide sufficient mass for the disk to become gravitationally unstable and form spiral arms. CO observations have shown that Haro 6-13 is surrounded by an envelope, raising the possibility that infall is facilitating spiral arm formation. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-adfc0388b0094f659af01fc83fc3a3132025-08-20T03:11:58ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01988110610.3847/1538-4357/ade1d8Grand Design Spiral Arms in the Compact, Embedded Protoplanetary Disk of Haro 6-13Jane Huang0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6947-6072Masataka Aizawa1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8877-4497Jaehan Bae2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7258-770XSean M. Andrews3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2253-2270Myriam Benisty4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7695-7605Edwin A. Bergin5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4179-6394Stefano Facchini6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4689-2684Christian Ginski7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4438-1971Michael Küffmeier8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-3577Department of Astronomy, Columbia University , 538 W. 120th Street, Pupin Hall, New York, NY 10027, USA ; jane.huang@columbia.eduCollege of Science, Ibaraki University , 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, JapanDepartment of Astronomy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USACenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USAMax Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA) , Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 323 West Hall, 1085 S. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USADipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, ItalySchool of Natural Sciences, Center for Astronomy, University of 766 Galway , Galway H91 CF50, IrelandCentre for Star and Planet Formation, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Øster Voldgade 57, 1350 Copenhagen, DenmarkMillimeter continuum spiral arms have so far only been detected in a handful of protoplanetary disks, and thus we have a limited understanding of the circumstances in which they can form. In particular, substructures in small disks ( R ⪅ 50 au) have not been well characterized in comparison with large disks. We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 1.3 mm continuum observations of the disk around the T Tauri star Haro 6-13 at a resolution of $\sim 0\mathop{.}\limits^{^{\prime\prime} }04$ (∼5 au). A pair of low-contrast spiral arms are detected at disk radii from ∼10 to 35 au. They can be approximated as Archimedean spirals with pitch angles ranging from ∼10° to 30°. The low value of the disk-averaged spectral index between 1.3 and 3 mm ( α = 2.1) and the high brightness temperatures suggest that the millimeter continuum is likely optically thick and thus may hide sufficient mass for the disk to become gravitationally unstable and form spiral arms. CO observations have shown that Haro 6-13 is surrounded by an envelope, raising the possibility that infall is facilitating spiral arm formation.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade1d8Planet formationProtoplanetary disksMillimeter astronomy |
| spellingShingle | Jane Huang Masataka Aizawa Jaehan Bae Sean M. Andrews Myriam Benisty Edwin A. Bergin Stefano Facchini Christian Ginski Michael Küffmeier Grand Design Spiral Arms in the Compact, Embedded Protoplanetary Disk of Haro 6-13 The Astrophysical Journal Planet formation Protoplanetary disks Millimeter astronomy |
| title | Grand Design Spiral Arms in the Compact, Embedded Protoplanetary Disk of Haro 6-13 |
| title_full | Grand Design Spiral Arms in the Compact, Embedded Protoplanetary Disk of Haro 6-13 |
| title_fullStr | Grand Design Spiral Arms in the Compact, Embedded Protoplanetary Disk of Haro 6-13 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Grand Design Spiral Arms in the Compact, Embedded Protoplanetary Disk of Haro 6-13 |
| title_short | Grand Design Spiral Arms in the Compact, Embedded Protoplanetary Disk of Haro 6-13 |
| title_sort | grand design spiral arms in the compact embedded protoplanetary disk of haro 6 13 |
| topic | Planet formation Protoplanetary disks Millimeter astronomy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade1d8 |
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