Antimicrobial Resistance Development In Vitro: Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Method (Review)
INTRODUCTION. High rates of emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) necessitate the rapid development of novel antibacterial medicinal products. The assessment of the microbial potential for AMR development under controlled conditions in vitro can save resources during drug developme...
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| Language: | Russian |
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Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Регуляторные исследования и экспертиза лекарственных средств |
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| Online Access: | https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/656 |
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| author | K. E. Borovkova |
| author_facet | K. E. Borovkova |
| author_sort | K. E. Borovkova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | INTRODUCTION. High rates of emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) necessitate the rapid development of novel antibacterial medicinal products. The assessment of the microbial potential for AMR development under controlled conditions in vitro can save resources during drug development and marketing authorisation and contribute to creating the most effective medicinal products.AIM. The aim was to determine the possibility of using the adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) method to study the development of antimicrobial resistance.DISCUSSION. A variety of methods can be used to investigate the mechanisms of AMR and the influence of medicinal products on the evolution of bacteria towards AMR. One of the options is the ALE method. ALE experiments are conducted under controlled conditions with prolonged exposure of microorganisms to an antibacterial agent. ALE experiments can include serial transfers of microorganisms to fresh liquid media or Petri dishes, as well as continuous cultivation of microorganisms in a chemostat. ALE protocols are used to develop resistance to different antibacterial agents and require meticulous control of the experimental conditions. To obtain reliable results in an experiment, it is necessary to identify parameters that may affect AMR development in microorganisms. These parameters include but are not limited to the concentration of the antibacterial agent, the number of consecutive passages, and the duration of incubation.CONCLUSIONS. To achieve the necessary conditions for resistant microorganisms to form, it is essential to adhere strictly to ALE setup requirements, such as using antibacterial agents at subinhibitory or dynamically increasing concentrations (relative to the minimum inhibitory concentrations for the ancestral strain), performing a certain number of passages for ≥20 generations, and incubating cultures until the stationary phase. Despite the fact that ALE experiments are rather lengthy, these studies can reduce the potential waste of resources on developing new compounds that may have to be discontinued at the stage of production because of AMR development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-adea9d9943a6482cba54f27d3e2afc0c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 3034-3062 3034-3453 |
| language | Russian |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Регуляторные исследования и экспертиза лекарственных средств |
| spelling | doaj-art-adea9d9943a6482cba54f27d3e2afc0c2025-08-20T03:57:31ZrusFederal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)Регуляторные исследования и экспертиза лекарственных средств3034-30623034-34532025-02-01151243310.30895/1991-2919-2024-656463Antimicrobial Resistance Development In Vitro: Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Method (Review)K. E. Borovkova0Research-and-manufacturing company “HOME OF PHARMACY”INTRODUCTION. High rates of emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) necessitate the rapid development of novel antibacterial medicinal products. The assessment of the microbial potential for AMR development under controlled conditions in vitro can save resources during drug development and marketing authorisation and contribute to creating the most effective medicinal products.AIM. The aim was to determine the possibility of using the adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) method to study the development of antimicrobial resistance.DISCUSSION. A variety of methods can be used to investigate the mechanisms of AMR and the influence of medicinal products on the evolution of bacteria towards AMR. One of the options is the ALE method. ALE experiments are conducted under controlled conditions with prolonged exposure of microorganisms to an antibacterial agent. ALE experiments can include serial transfers of microorganisms to fresh liquid media or Petri dishes, as well as continuous cultivation of microorganisms in a chemostat. ALE protocols are used to develop resistance to different antibacterial agents and require meticulous control of the experimental conditions. To obtain reliable results in an experiment, it is necessary to identify parameters that may affect AMR development in microorganisms. These parameters include but are not limited to the concentration of the antibacterial agent, the number of consecutive passages, and the duration of incubation.CONCLUSIONS. To achieve the necessary conditions for resistant microorganisms to form, it is essential to adhere strictly to ALE setup requirements, such as using antibacterial agents at subinhibitory or dynamically increasing concentrations (relative to the minimum inhibitory concentrations for the ancestral strain), performing a certain number of passages for ≥20 generations, and incubating cultures until the stationary phase. Despite the fact that ALE experiments are rather lengthy, these studies can reduce the potential waste of resources on developing new compounds that may have to be discontinued at the stage of production because of AMR development.https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/656antibioticsantibacterial agentsantimicrobial resistanceamrresistance developmentadaptive laboratory evolutionale |
| spellingShingle | K. E. Borovkova Antimicrobial Resistance Development In Vitro: Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Method (Review) Регуляторные исследования и экспертиза лекарственных средств antibiotics antibacterial agents antimicrobial resistance amr resistance development adaptive laboratory evolution ale |
| title | Antimicrobial Resistance Development In Vitro: Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Method (Review) |
| title_full | Antimicrobial Resistance Development In Vitro: Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Method (Review) |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial Resistance Development In Vitro: Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Method (Review) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial Resistance Development In Vitro: Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Method (Review) |
| title_short | Antimicrobial Resistance Development In Vitro: Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Method (Review) |
| title_sort | antimicrobial resistance development in vitro adaptive laboratory evolution method review |
| topic | antibiotics antibacterial agents antimicrobial resistance amr resistance development adaptive laboratory evolution ale |
| url | https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/656 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT keborovkova antimicrobialresistancedevelopmentinvitroadaptivelaboratoryevolutionmethodreview |