Bacterial Pathogens of Bovine Mastitis: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Sensitivity to <i>Caesalpinia sappan</i> Both In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Mastitis is a major infectious disease that causes significant economic losses in the dairy industry. Current control programs primarily rely on antimicrobials, contributing to the growing concerns of the resistance situation and drug residues in milk. This study aimed to identify the bacterial path...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Phacharaporn Tadee Wiwat Pattanawong Apichart Manwicha Pakasinee Khaodang Doungporn Amornlerdpison Sunee Chansakaow Pramote Tipduangta Kridda Chukiatsiri Pakpoom Tadee |
| author_facet | Phacharaporn Tadee Wiwat Pattanawong Apichart Manwicha Pakasinee Khaodang Doungporn Amornlerdpison Sunee Chansakaow Pramote Tipduangta Kridda Chukiatsiri Pakpoom Tadee |
| author_sort | Phacharaporn Tadee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mastitis is a major infectious disease that causes significant economic losses in the dairy industry. Current control programs primarily rely on antimicrobials, contributing to the growing concerns of the resistance situation and drug residues in milk. This study aimed to identify the bacterial pathogens responsible for subclinical/clinical bovine mastitis, assess their antimicrobial resistance profiles, and evaluate the antimicrobial effects of <i>Caesalpinia sappan</i> in treating mastitis through both in vitro and in vivo studies. A total of 138 bacterial isolates, representing 40 species, were identified from 100 milk samples collected from dairy cows under the Maejo Cooperative Group in Chiang Mai, Thailand, between May 2021 and February 2022. The most prevalent species was <i>Escherichia coli</i> (10.87%), followed by <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (9.42%) and <i>Staphylococcus sciuri</i> (7.97%). The highest resistance rates were observed for penicillin (65.21%), followed by streptomycin and lincomycin (61.59%). Nine isolates resisted all 18 antimicrobials tested. The average minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of <i>C. sappan</i> against the identified pathogens ranged from 0.63 to 17.68 mg/mL, with the highest MIC observed against <i>Pseudomonas luteola</i>. In the animal experiment, treatment with a prototype of an intramammary infusion compound primarily formulated from <i>C. sappan</i> significantly reduced the total bacterial count and California Mastitis Test (CMT) scores (<i>p</i> < 0.01). These results suggest that <i>C. sappan</i> exhibits antimicrobial efficacy against various mastitis bacteria and could serve as a potential alternative treatment to control bovine mastitis in dairy cattle within the study region. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ade8ba46d5b145ac8c37bb66cd2885e2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-ade8ba46d5b145ac8c37bb66cd2885e22025-08-20T02:17:24ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372025-03-0114435010.3390/biology14040350Bacterial Pathogens of Bovine Mastitis: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Sensitivity to <i>Caesalpinia sappan</i> Both In Vitro and In Vivo StudiesPhacharaporn Tadee0Wiwat Pattanawong1Apichart Manwicha2Pakasinee Khaodang3Doungporn Amornlerdpison4Sunee Chansakaow5Pramote Tipduangta6Kridda Chukiatsiri7Pakpoom Tadee8Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, ThailandFaculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, ThailandFaculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, ThailandFaculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, ThailandCenter of Excellence in Agricultural Innovation for Graduate Entrepreneur, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, ThailandFaculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandFaculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandFaculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, ThailandFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandMastitis is a major infectious disease that causes significant economic losses in the dairy industry. Current control programs primarily rely on antimicrobials, contributing to the growing concerns of the resistance situation and drug residues in milk. This study aimed to identify the bacterial pathogens responsible for subclinical/clinical bovine mastitis, assess their antimicrobial resistance profiles, and evaluate the antimicrobial effects of <i>Caesalpinia sappan</i> in treating mastitis through both in vitro and in vivo studies. A total of 138 bacterial isolates, representing 40 species, were identified from 100 milk samples collected from dairy cows under the Maejo Cooperative Group in Chiang Mai, Thailand, between May 2021 and February 2022. The most prevalent species was <i>Escherichia coli</i> (10.87%), followed by <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (9.42%) and <i>Staphylococcus sciuri</i> (7.97%). The highest resistance rates were observed for penicillin (65.21%), followed by streptomycin and lincomycin (61.59%). Nine isolates resisted all 18 antimicrobials tested. The average minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of <i>C. sappan</i> against the identified pathogens ranged from 0.63 to 17.68 mg/mL, with the highest MIC observed against <i>Pseudomonas luteola</i>. In the animal experiment, treatment with a prototype of an intramammary infusion compound primarily formulated from <i>C. sappan</i> significantly reduced the total bacterial count and California Mastitis Test (CMT) scores (<i>p</i> < 0.01). These results suggest that <i>C. sappan</i> exhibits antimicrobial efficacy against various mastitis bacteria and could serve as a potential alternative treatment to control bovine mastitis in dairy cattle within the study region.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/4/350mastitisantimicrobial resistanceherbal extract<i>Caesalpinia sappan</i>treatmentdisease control |
| spellingShingle | Phacharaporn Tadee Wiwat Pattanawong Apichart Manwicha Pakasinee Khaodang Doungporn Amornlerdpison Sunee Chansakaow Pramote Tipduangta Kridda Chukiatsiri Pakpoom Tadee Bacterial Pathogens of Bovine Mastitis: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Sensitivity to <i>Caesalpinia sappan</i> Both In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Biology mastitis antimicrobial resistance herbal extract <i>Caesalpinia sappan</i> treatment disease control |
| title | Bacterial Pathogens of Bovine Mastitis: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Sensitivity to <i>Caesalpinia sappan</i> Both In Vitro and In Vivo Studies |
| title_full | Bacterial Pathogens of Bovine Mastitis: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Sensitivity to <i>Caesalpinia sappan</i> Both In Vitro and In Vivo Studies |
| title_fullStr | Bacterial Pathogens of Bovine Mastitis: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Sensitivity to <i>Caesalpinia sappan</i> Both In Vitro and In Vivo Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bacterial Pathogens of Bovine Mastitis: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Sensitivity to <i>Caesalpinia sappan</i> Both In Vitro and In Vivo Studies |
| title_short | Bacterial Pathogens of Bovine Mastitis: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Sensitivity to <i>Caesalpinia sappan</i> Both In Vitro and In Vivo Studies |
| title_sort | bacterial pathogens of bovine mastitis prevalence antimicrobial susceptibility and sensitivity to i caesalpinia sappan i both in vitro and in vivo studies |
| topic | mastitis antimicrobial resistance herbal extract <i>Caesalpinia sappan</i> treatment disease control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/4/350 |
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