Efficient implementation of post-quantum digital signatures on Raspberry Pi
Abstract While quantum computing poses a threat to many classical cryptographic schemes such as RSA and ECC, the quest for quantum-resistant alternatives has seen rapid growth. We provide one of the most detailed yet real-world demonstrations of the NIST-PQC lattice-based digital signature schemes,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Discover Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07201-z |
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| author | Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda Ahmed Abdul Hassan Ghadban Ali Abdul Hadi Glass Esam Mohamed Abdul Hadi Mohammed Amin Almaiah |
| author_facet | Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda Ahmed Abdul Hassan Ghadban Ali Abdul Hadi Glass Esam Mohamed Abdul Hadi Mohammed Amin Almaiah |
| author_sort | Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract While quantum computing poses a threat to many classical cryptographic schemes such as RSA and ECC, the quest for quantum-resistant alternatives has seen rapid growth. We provide one of the most detailed yet real-world demonstrations of the NIST-PQC lattice-based digital signature schemes, being the Dilithium family: Dilithium2, Dilithium3, and Dilithium5, being implemented and evaluated on a single-embedded platform, Raspberry Pi 4 Model B. We deliver a more deep-seated portrayal, giving details on platform-determined performance optimizations, performance trade-offs, and energy consumption characteristics, identifying Dilithium2 as a well-balanced prospect for quantum-safe deployments in the context of IoT and the edge. Notably, our work encompasses an empirical comparison with Dilithium and Falcon schemes with respect to implementation practicality, side-channel consideration, and resource overhead. Falcon has compact signatures, but its integration in an embedded context poses a challenge because it uses floating-point arithmetic and Gaussian sampling. Our experiments, performed on stress-tested hardware, show that Dilithium is not only as secure as required by post-quantum security standards but also operates reliably in low-resource environments. An interactive benchmarking toolkit and open-source codebase provide further reproducibility and potential for future work. We thereby give an applied basis to the practical use of quantum-secure digital signatures in constrained devices. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ade46d6cadd14a6eb33228a11d7c013d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 3004-9261 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Discover Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-ade46d6cadd14a6eb33228a11d7c013d2025-08-20T03:10:35ZengSpringerDiscover Applied Sciences3004-92612025-06-017611910.1007/s42452-025-07201-zEfficient implementation of post-quantum digital signatures on Raspberry PiMahmood A. Al-Shareeda0Ahmed Abdul Hassan Ghadban1Ali Abdul Hadi Glass2Esam Mohamed Abdul Hadi3Mohammed Amin Almaiah4Department of Electronic Technologies, Basra Technical Institute, Southern Technical UniversityDepartment of Electronic Technologies, Basra Technical Institute, Southern Technical UniversityDepartment of Electronic Technologies, Basra Technical Institute, Southern Technical UniversityDepartment of Electronic Technologies, Basra Technical Institute, Southern Technical UniversityDepartment of Computer Science, King Abdullah the II IT School, The University of JordanAbstract While quantum computing poses a threat to many classical cryptographic schemes such as RSA and ECC, the quest for quantum-resistant alternatives has seen rapid growth. We provide one of the most detailed yet real-world demonstrations of the NIST-PQC lattice-based digital signature schemes, being the Dilithium family: Dilithium2, Dilithium3, and Dilithium5, being implemented and evaluated on a single-embedded platform, Raspberry Pi 4 Model B. We deliver a more deep-seated portrayal, giving details on platform-determined performance optimizations, performance trade-offs, and energy consumption characteristics, identifying Dilithium2 as a well-balanced prospect for quantum-safe deployments in the context of IoT and the edge. Notably, our work encompasses an empirical comparison with Dilithium and Falcon schemes with respect to implementation practicality, side-channel consideration, and resource overhead. Falcon has compact signatures, but its integration in an embedded context poses a challenge because it uses floating-point arithmetic and Gaussian sampling. Our experiments, performed on stress-tested hardware, show that Dilithium is not only as secure as required by post-quantum security standards but also operates reliably in low-resource environments. An interactive benchmarking toolkit and open-source codebase provide further reproducibility and potential for future work. We thereby give an applied basis to the practical use of quantum-secure digital signatures in constrained devices.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07201-zIoT securityLattice-based cryptographyPost-quantum cryptographyQuantum-resistant algorithmsPublic-key infrastructure (PKI)Digital signature |
| spellingShingle | Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda Ahmed Abdul Hassan Ghadban Ali Abdul Hadi Glass Esam Mohamed Abdul Hadi Mohammed Amin Almaiah Efficient implementation of post-quantum digital signatures on Raspberry Pi Discover Applied Sciences IoT security Lattice-based cryptography Post-quantum cryptography Quantum-resistant algorithms Public-key infrastructure (PKI) Digital signature |
| title | Efficient implementation of post-quantum digital signatures on Raspberry Pi |
| title_full | Efficient implementation of post-quantum digital signatures on Raspberry Pi |
| title_fullStr | Efficient implementation of post-quantum digital signatures on Raspberry Pi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficient implementation of post-quantum digital signatures on Raspberry Pi |
| title_short | Efficient implementation of post-quantum digital signatures on Raspberry Pi |
| title_sort | efficient implementation of post quantum digital signatures on raspberry pi |
| topic | IoT security Lattice-based cryptography Post-quantum cryptography Quantum-resistant algorithms Public-key infrastructure (PKI) Digital signature |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07201-z |
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