Utility of a Modified Penlight‐Cover Test for Neurolocalization of Lesions Based on Visual Suppression of Nystagmus in Dogs and Cats With Vestibular Disease
ABSTRACT Background Humans with peripheral vestibular disorders can suppress nystagmus through visual fixation, a capability often compromised in those with central vestibular disorders. Bedside tests that exploit this difference can aid neurolocalization in humans. These tests remain unexplored in...
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Wiley
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70182 |
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| author | Alice Chan Gemma E. Longson Edward Ives Claire Turner Paul Freeman Stacey Brady Ana Martinez Loro Bruno Scalia Susana Monforte Monteiro Sara Formoso Sam Khan An E. Vanhaesebrouck |
| author_facet | Alice Chan Gemma E. Longson Edward Ives Claire Turner Paul Freeman Stacey Brady Ana Martinez Loro Bruno Scalia Susana Monforte Monteiro Sara Formoso Sam Khan An E. Vanhaesebrouck |
| author_sort | Alice Chan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Background Humans with peripheral vestibular disorders can suppress nystagmus through visual fixation, a capability often compromised in those with central vestibular disorders. Bedside tests that exploit this difference can aid neurolocalization in humans. These tests remain unexplored in veterinary medicine. Hypothesis Removal of visual input will reveal or enhance nystagmus in animals with peripheral vestibular disease, while animals with central vestibular disease would show little change. Animals Twenty‐one dogs and cats with peripheral vestibular lesions and 16 with central vestibular lesions. Diagnosis was confirmed by MRI. Methods A prospective study was conducted using a modified penlight‐cover test. Because animals cannot be easily instructed to fixate on a visual target, removal of visual input was used as a substitute for eliminating visual fixation, based on the assumption that visual fixation also occurs spontaneously. A 0.5‐W LED penlight was shined into one eye while covering the other to eliminate visual input. Nystagmus beat frequency (BF) and subjective evaluation of slow phase velocity (SPV) were recorded before and during penlight application. Results In animals with peripheral lesions, BF increased in 33% and SPV in 24% of cases after removal of visual input. Among those with central lesions, only one of 16 showed an increase in BF, and none exhibited an increase in SPV. Conclusions When used alongside the neurological examination, the modified penlight‐cover test, could raise suspicion of a peripheral vestibular lesion if it reveals increased BF or SPV. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-add60bbac84d4dd580a2a5ba771fd4ba |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0891-6640 1939-1676 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-add60bbac84d4dd580a2a5ba771fd4ba2025-08-20T02:46:07ZengWileyJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine0891-66401939-16762025-07-01394n/an/a10.1111/jvim.70182Utility of a Modified Penlight‐Cover Test for Neurolocalization of Lesions Based on Visual Suppression of Nystagmus in Dogs and Cats With Vestibular DiseaseAlice Chan0Gemma E. Longson1Edward Ives2Claire Turner3Paul Freeman4Stacey Brady5Ana Martinez Loro6Bruno Scalia7Susana Monforte Monteiro8Sara Formoso9Sam Khan10An E. Vanhaesebrouck11Queen's Veterinary School Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge UKQueen's Veterinary School Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge UKQueen's Veterinary School Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge UKQueen's Veterinary School Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge UKQueen's Veterinary School Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge UKQueen's Veterinary School Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge UKQueen's Veterinary School Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge UKQueen's Veterinary School Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge UKQueen's Veterinary School Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge UKQueen's Veterinary School Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge UKQueen's Veterinary School Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge UKQueen's Veterinary School Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge UKABSTRACT Background Humans with peripheral vestibular disorders can suppress nystagmus through visual fixation, a capability often compromised in those with central vestibular disorders. Bedside tests that exploit this difference can aid neurolocalization in humans. These tests remain unexplored in veterinary medicine. Hypothesis Removal of visual input will reveal or enhance nystagmus in animals with peripheral vestibular disease, while animals with central vestibular disease would show little change. Animals Twenty‐one dogs and cats with peripheral vestibular lesions and 16 with central vestibular lesions. Diagnosis was confirmed by MRI. Methods A prospective study was conducted using a modified penlight‐cover test. Because animals cannot be easily instructed to fixate on a visual target, removal of visual input was used as a substitute for eliminating visual fixation, based on the assumption that visual fixation also occurs spontaneously. A 0.5‐W LED penlight was shined into one eye while covering the other to eliminate visual input. Nystagmus beat frequency (BF) and subjective evaluation of slow phase velocity (SPV) were recorded before and during penlight application. Results In animals with peripheral lesions, BF increased in 33% and SPV in 24% of cases after removal of visual input. Among those with central lesions, only one of 16 showed an increase in BF, and none exhibited an increase in SPV. Conclusions When used alongside the neurological examination, the modified penlight‐cover test, could raise suspicion of a peripheral vestibular lesion if it reveals increased BF or SPV.https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70182neurolocalisationnystagmusveterinary |
| spellingShingle | Alice Chan Gemma E. Longson Edward Ives Claire Turner Paul Freeman Stacey Brady Ana Martinez Loro Bruno Scalia Susana Monforte Monteiro Sara Formoso Sam Khan An E. Vanhaesebrouck Utility of a Modified Penlight‐Cover Test for Neurolocalization of Lesions Based on Visual Suppression of Nystagmus in Dogs and Cats With Vestibular Disease Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine neurolocalisation nystagmus veterinary |
| title | Utility of a Modified Penlight‐Cover Test for Neurolocalization of Lesions Based on Visual Suppression of Nystagmus in Dogs and Cats With Vestibular Disease |
| title_full | Utility of a Modified Penlight‐Cover Test for Neurolocalization of Lesions Based on Visual Suppression of Nystagmus in Dogs and Cats With Vestibular Disease |
| title_fullStr | Utility of a Modified Penlight‐Cover Test for Neurolocalization of Lesions Based on Visual Suppression of Nystagmus in Dogs and Cats With Vestibular Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Utility of a Modified Penlight‐Cover Test for Neurolocalization of Lesions Based on Visual Suppression of Nystagmus in Dogs and Cats With Vestibular Disease |
| title_short | Utility of a Modified Penlight‐Cover Test for Neurolocalization of Lesions Based on Visual Suppression of Nystagmus in Dogs and Cats With Vestibular Disease |
| title_sort | utility of a modified penlight cover test for neurolocalization of lesions based on visual suppression of nystagmus in dogs and cats with vestibular disease |
| topic | neurolocalisation nystagmus veterinary |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70182 |
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