Smart Charging and V2G: Enhancing a Hybrid Energy Storage System with Intelligent and Bidirectional EV Charging

Energy storage systems and intelligent charging infrastructures are critical components addressing the challenges arising with the growth of renewables and the rising energy demand. Hybrid energy storage systems, in particular, are promising, as they combine two or more types of energy storage techn...

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Main Authors: Thomas Franzelin, Sarah Schwarz, Stephan Rinderknecht
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:World Electric Vehicle Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/3/121
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author Thomas Franzelin
Sarah Schwarz
Stephan Rinderknecht
author_facet Thomas Franzelin
Sarah Schwarz
Stephan Rinderknecht
author_sort Thomas Franzelin
collection DOAJ
description Energy storage systems and intelligent charging infrastructures are critical components addressing the challenges arising with the growth of renewables and the rising energy demand. Hybrid energy storage systems, in particular, are promising, as they combine two or more types of energy storage technologies with complementary characteristics to enhance the overall performance. Managing electric vehicle charging enables the demand to align with fluctuating generation, while storage systems can enhance energy flexibility and reliability. In the case of bidirectional charging, EVs can even function as mobile, flexible storage systems that can be integrated into the grid. This paper introduces a novel testing environment that integrates unidirectional and bidirectional charging infrastructures into an existing hybrid energy storage system. It describes the test environment in technical detail, explains the functionality, and outlines its usefulness in practical applications. The test system not only supports grid integration but also expands the degrees of freedom for testing, enabling flexible and realistic experimental setups. This environment facilitates comprehensive investigations into EV behavior, charging strategies, control algorithms, and user interactions. It provides a platform for exploring the possibilities, limitations, and optimal use cases for smart charging and hybrid storage systems in practice.
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spelling doaj-art-adb5b68040484c6ea221fdd4388d37c92025-08-20T01:50:02ZengMDPI AGWorld Electric Vehicle Journal2032-66532025-02-0116312110.3390/wevj16030121Smart Charging and V2G: Enhancing a Hybrid Energy Storage System with Intelligent and Bidirectional EV ChargingThomas Franzelin0Sarah Schwarz1Stephan Rinderknecht2Institute for Mechatronic Systems (IMS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, GermanyInstitute for Mechatronic Systems (IMS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, GermanyInstitute for Mechatronic Systems (IMS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, GermanyEnergy storage systems and intelligent charging infrastructures are critical components addressing the challenges arising with the growth of renewables and the rising energy demand. Hybrid energy storage systems, in particular, are promising, as they combine two or more types of energy storage technologies with complementary characteristics to enhance the overall performance. Managing electric vehicle charging enables the demand to align with fluctuating generation, while storage systems can enhance energy flexibility and reliability. In the case of bidirectional charging, EVs can even function as mobile, flexible storage systems that can be integrated into the grid. This paper introduces a novel testing environment that integrates unidirectional and bidirectional charging infrastructures into an existing hybrid energy storage system. It describes the test environment in technical detail, explains the functionality, and outlines its usefulness in practical applications. The test system not only supports grid integration but also expands the degrees of freedom for testing, enabling flexible and realistic experimental setups. This environment facilitates comprehensive investigations into EV behavior, charging strategies, control algorithms, and user interactions. It provides a platform for exploring the possibilities, limitations, and optimal use cases for smart charging and hybrid storage systems in practice.https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/3/121hybrid energy storage systemsvehicle-to-gridbidirectional chargingsmart charging infrastructureexperimental testing
spellingShingle Thomas Franzelin
Sarah Schwarz
Stephan Rinderknecht
Smart Charging and V2G: Enhancing a Hybrid Energy Storage System with Intelligent and Bidirectional EV Charging
World Electric Vehicle Journal
hybrid energy storage systems
vehicle-to-grid
bidirectional charging
smart charging infrastructure
experimental testing
title Smart Charging and V2G: Enhancing a Hybrid Energy Storage System with Intelligent and Bidirectional EV Charging
title_full Smart Charging and V2G: Enhancing a Hybrid Energy Storage System with Intelligent and Bidirectional EV Charging
title_fullStr Smart Charging and V2G: Enhancing a Hybrid Energy Storage System with Intelligent and Bidirectional EV Charging
title_full_unstemmed Smart Charging and V2G: Enhancing a Hybrid Energy Storage System with Intelligent and Bidirectional EV Charging
title_short Smart Charging and V2G: Enhancing a Hybrid Energy Storage System with Intelligent and Bidirectional EV Charging
title_sort smart charging and v2g enhancing a hybrid energy storage system with intelligent and bidirectional ev charging
topic hybrid energy storage systems
vehicle-to-grid
bidirectional charging
smart charging infrastructure
experimental testing
url https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/3/121
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AT sarahschwarz smartchargingandv2genhancingahybridenergystoragesystemwithintelligentandbidirectionalevcharging
AT stephanrinderknecht smartchargingandv2genhancingahybridenergystoragesystemwithintelligentandbidirectionalevcharging