The Life-Saving Impact of Early Diagnosis and Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a hereditary neuromuscular condition caused by mutations in the Survival Motor Neuron 1 gene. This report presents a clinical description of a case diagnosed with SMA and highlights the significance of early recognition and multidisciplinary management. SMA affects...

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Main Authors: Almas Siddique, Shanzay Siddique, Erum Akhter
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: ziauddin University 2025-04-01
Series:Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry
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Online Access:https://ojs.zu.edu.pk/pjmd/article/view/3040
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author Almas Siddique
Shanzay Siddique
Erum Akhter
author_facet Almas Siddique
Shanzay Siddique
Erum Akhter
author_sort Almas Siddique
collection DOAJ
description Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a hereditary neuromuscular condition caused by mutations in the Survival Motor Neuron 1 gene. This report presents a clinical description of a case diagnosed with SMA and highlights the significance of early recognition and multidisciplinary management. SMA affects the anterior horn cells in the spinal cord, leading to progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. It is classified into four types based on the age of onset and clinical severity. Type 1 SMA, also known as Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, is the most severe form and generally manifests within the first six months of life. A boy was suspected of having SMA type 1 due to his hypotonic posture and 2.8 kg birth weight. Symptomatic treatment and diagnostic tests like MRI were done, but the infant died after a few days of readmission on day 28 due to severe breathing issues and muscular atrophy. The diagnosis was confirmed after his death.
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher ziauddin University
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series Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry
spelling doaj-art-ada7b078b2c145d096ef9bedddaaa5212025-08-20T03:06:36Zengziauddin UniversityPakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry2313-73712308-25932025-04-0114210.36283/ziun-pjmd14-2/071The Life-Saving Impact of Early Diagnosis and Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1Almas Siddique0https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1053-9187Shanzay Siddique1https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9609-0356Erum Akhter2University of Karachi, Karachi,Pakistan.Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari, Karachi, PakistanUniversity of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a hereditary neuromuscular condition caused by mutations in the Survival Motor Neuron 1 gene. This report presents a clinical description of a case diagnosed with SMA and highlights the significance of early recognition and multidisciplinary management. SMA affects the anterior horn cells in the spinal cord, leading to progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. It is classified into four types based on the age of onset and clinical severity. Type 1 SMA, also known as Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, is the most severe form and generally manifests within the first six months of life. A boy was suspected of having SMA type 1 due to his hypotonic posture and 2.8 kg birth weight. Symptomatic treatment and diagnostic tests like MRI were done, but the infant died after a few days of readmission on day 28 due to severe breathing issues and muscular atrophy. The diagnosis was confirmed after his death. https://ojs.zu.edu.pk/pjmd/article/view/3040Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), Werdnig-Hoffmann Disease, Motor Neuron Disease, Muscle Weakness, Hypotonia, Respiratory Insufficiency, Electromyography (EMG), Infantile Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Creatine Kinase (CK-MB).
spellingShingle Almas Siddique
Shanzay Siddique
Erum Akhter
The Life-Saving Impact of Early Diagnosis and Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1
Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), Werdnig-Hoffmann Disease, Motor Neuron Disease, Muscle Weakness, Hypotonia, Respiratory Insufficiency, Electromyography (EMG), Infantile Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Creatine Kinase (CK-MB).
title The Life-Saving Impact of Early Diagnosis and Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1
title_full The Life-Saving Impact of Early Diagnosis and Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1
title_fullStr The Life-Saving Impact of Early Diagnosis and Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1
title_full_unstemmed The Life-Saving Impact of Early Diagnosis and Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1
title_short The Life-Saving Impact of Early Diagnosis and Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1
title_sort life saving impact of early diagnosis and treatment for spinal muscular atrophy type 1
topic Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), Werdnig-Hoffmann Disease, Motor Neuron Disease, Muscle Weakness, Hypotonia, Respiratory Insufficiency, Electromyography (EMG), Infantile Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Creatine Kinase (CK-MB).
url https://ojs.zu.edu.pk/pjmd/article/view/3040
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