Bacterial Cytochrome P450 Involvement in the Biodegradation of Fluorinated Pyrethroids
Fluorinated pyrethroids, such as cyfluthrin and cyhalothrin, are more effective insecticides due to their enhanced stability and lipophilicity. However, they pose greater risks to non-target organisms. Their persistence in the environment and accumulation in tissues can lead to increased toxicity an...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Xenobiotics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/15/2/58 |
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| Summary: | Fluorinated pyrethroids, such as cyfluthrin and cyhalothrin, are more effective insecticides due to their enhanced stability and lipophilicity. However, they pose greater risks to non-target organisms. Their persistence in the environment and accumulation in tissues can lead to increased toxicity and ecological concerns. This study investigates the biodegradation of the fluorinated pyrethroids β-cyfluthrin (BCF) and λ-cyhalothrin (LCH) using a newly isolated <i>Bacillus</i> sp. MFK14 from a garden soil microbial consortium. Initial screening using <sup>19</sup>F NMR analysis showed that the microbial consortium degraded both pyrethroids, leading to the isolation of <i>Bacillus</i> sp. MFK14. Subsequent GC-MS analysis revealed various degradation intermediates in both pyrethroids after incubation with <i>Bacillus</i> sp. MFK14. Notably, <i>Bacillus</i> sp. MFK14 completely degraded β-cyfluthrin and λ-cyhalothrin within 48 h at 30 °C. Fluoride ions from β-cyfluthrin and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) from λ-cyhalothrin were detected as the end-products by <sup>19</sup>F NMR analysis of the aqueous fraction. The pathway of the degradation was proposed for both the pyrethroids indicating shared biodegradation pathways despite different fluorinations. Inhibition studies with 1-ABT suggested the involvement of bacterial cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in their biodegradation. The CYPome of <i>Bacillus</i> sp. MFK14 includes 23 CYP variants that showed significant sequence similarity to known bacterial CYPs, suggesting potential roles in pyrethroid biodegradation and environmental persistence. These findings highlight the potential for bioremediation of fluorinated pesticides, offering an environmentally sustainable approach to mitigate their ecological impact. |
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| ISSN: | 2039-4705 2039-4713 |