Comparative Study: Biguanide-, Sulfonamide-, and Natural Agent-Based Interventions in an In Vivo Experimental Diabetes Model
<i>Background/Objectives:</i> In the context of diabetes, a multifactorial metabolic disorder with significant clinical implications, the present study investigates the hypoglycemic effects of a synthetic sulfonamide (S) administered individually and in combination with <i>Salvia o...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | Iulian Tătaru Ioannis Gardikiotis Carmen Lidia Chiţescu Oana-Maria Dragostin Maria Dragan Cerasela Gîrd Alexandra-Simona Zamfir Simona Iacob (Ciobotaru) Rodica Vatcu Catalina Daniela Stan Carmen Lăcrămioara Zamfir |
| author_facet | Iulian Tătaru Ioannis Gardikiotis Carmen Lidia Chiţescu Oana-Maria Dragostin Maria Dragan Cerasela Gîrd Alexandra-Simona Zamfir Simona Iacob (Ciobotaru) Rodica Vatcu Catalina Daniela Stan Carmen Lăcrămioara Zamfir |
| author_sort | Iulian Tătaru |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background/Objectives:</i> In the context of diabetes, a multifactorial metabolic disorder with significant clinical implications, the present study investigates the hypoglycemic effects of a synthetic sulfonamide (S) administered individually and in combination with <i>Salvia officinalis</i> extract, compared to metformin as a standard therapeutic agent. <i>Methods</i>: An in vivo model of experimentally induced diabetes using alloxan was applied to Wistar female rats, divided into six experimental groups, including a healthy control group and a diabetes-induced, untreated group. Plasma concentrations of metformin and sulfonamide were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The plasma steady-state concentrations of the pharmaceutical agents and their correlation with hypoglycemic effect were evaluated. <i>Results</i>: The combination of the synthetic sulfonamide (S) with <i>Salvia officinalis</i> extract resulted in the greatest reduction in blood glucose level (average value of 50.2%) compared to S (40.6%) or metformin (36.4%). All treatments demonstrated statistically significant differences in blood glucose levels compared to the diabetes-induced untreated group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a larger volume of distribution for the synthetic sulfonamide S (23.92 ± 8.40 L) compared to metformin (16.07 ± 5.60 L), consistent with its physicochemical properties. No significant correlation was found between plasma drug levels and glycemic response (<i>p</i> > 0.05). <i>Conclusions</i>: Our findings support the potential of combining standard therapeutic agents with natural alternatives such as <i>Salvia officinalis</i> to achieve improved glycemic control through complementary mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in vivo study to evaluate the combined effects of a sulfonylurea-type compound and <i>Salvia officinalis</i> extract in a diabetic animal model. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ad95dee720a54834b81e23912303ded5 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj-art-ad95dee720a54834b81e23912303ded52025-08-20T02:47:07ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442025-06-01617115110.3390/medicina61071151Comparative Study: Biguanide-, Sulfonamide-, and Natural Agent-Based Interventions in an In Vivo Experimental Diabetes ModelIulian Tătaru0Ioannis Gardikiotis1Carmen Lidia Chiţescu2Oana-Maria Dragostin3Maria Dragan4Cerasela Gîrd5Alexandra-Simona Zamfir6Simona Iacob (Ciobotaru)7Rodica Vatcu8Catalina Daniela Stan9Carmen Lăcrămioara Zamfir10Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, RomaniaCEMEX—Advanced Center for Research and Development in Experimental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700454 Iași, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800201 Galati, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800201 Galati, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences II, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iași, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Medical Sciences III, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iași, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800201 Galati, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800201 Galati, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences II, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iași, RomaniaDepartment of Morphofunctional Sciences I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania<i>Background/Objectives:</i> In the context of diabetes, a multifactorial metabolic disorder with significant clinical implications, the present study investigates the hypoglycemic effects of a synthetic sulfonamide (S) administered individually and in combination with <i>Salvia officinalis</i> extract, compared to metformin as a standard therapeutic agent. <i>Methods</i>: An in vivo model of experimentally induced diabetes using alloxan was applied to Wistar female rats, divided into six experimental groups, including a healthy control group and a diabetes-induced, untreated group. Plasma concentrations of metformin and sulfonamide were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The plasma steady-state concentrations of the pharmaceutical agents and their correlation with hypoglycemic effect were evaluated. <i>Results</i>: The combination of the synthetic sulfonamide (S) with <i>Salvia officinalis</i> extract resulted in the greatest reduction in blood glucose level (average value of 50.2%) compared to S (40.6%) or metformin (36.4%). All treatments demonstrated statistically significant differences in blood glucose levels compared to the diabetes-induced untreated group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a larger volume of distribution for the synthetic sulfonamide S (23.92 ± 8.40 L) compared to metformin (16.07 ± 5.60 L), consistent with its physicochemical properties. No significant correlation was found between plasma drug levels and glycemic response (<i>p</i> > 0.05). <i>Conclusions</i>: Our findings support the potential of combining standard therapeutic agents with natural alternatives such as <i>Salvia officinalis</i> to achieve improved glycemic control through complementary mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in vivo study to evaluate the combined effects of a sulfonylurea-type compound and <i>Salvia officinalis</i> extract in a diabetic animal model.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/7/1151experimental diabetesphytotherapyhypoglycemic effectpharmacokinetic parameters |
| spellingShingle | Iulian Tătaru Ioannis Gardikiotis Carmen Lidia Chiţescu Oana-Maria Dragostin Maria Dragan Cerasela Gîrd Alexandra-Simona Zamfir Simona Iacob (Ciobotaru) Rodica Vatcu Catalina Daniela Stan Carmen Lăcrămioara Zamfir Comparative Study: Biguanide-, Sulfonamide-, and Natural Agent-Based Interventions in an In Vivo Experimental Diabetes Model Medicina experimental diabetes phytotherapy hypoglycemic effect pharmacokinetic parameters |
| title | Comparative Study: Biguanide-, Sulfonamide-, and Natural Agent-Based Interventions in an In Vivo Experimental Diabetes Model |
| title_full | Comparative Study: Biguanide-, Sulfonamide-, and Natural Agent-Based Interventions in an In Vivo Experimental Diabetes Model |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Study: Biguanide-, Sulfonamide-, and Natural Agent-Based Interventions in an In Vivo Experimental Diabetes Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Study: Biguanide-, Sulfonamide-, and Natural Agent-Based Interventions in an In Vivo Experimental Diabetes Model |
| title_short | Comparative Study: Biguanide-, Sulfonamide-, and Natural Agent-Based Interventions in an In Vivo Experimental Diabetes Model |
| title_sort | comparative study biguanide sulfonamide and natural agent based interventions in an in vivo experimental diabetes model |
| topic | experimental diabetes phytotherapy hypoglycemic effect pharmacokinetic parameters |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/7/1151 |
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