Comparative Study: Biguanide-, Sulfonamide-, and Natural Agent-Based Interventions in an In Vivo Experimental Diabetes Model
<i>Background/Objectives:</i> In the context of diabetes, a multifactorial metabolic disorder with significant clinical implications, the present study investigates the hypoglycemic effects of a synthetic sulfonamide (S) administered individually and in combination with <i>Salvia o...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/7/1151 |
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| Summary: | <i>Background/Objectives:</i> In the context of diabetes, a multifactorial metabolic disorder with significant clinical implications, the present study investigates the hypoglycemic effects of a synthetic sulfonamide (S) administered individually and in combination with <i>Salvia officinalis</i> extract, compared to metformin as a standard therapeutic agent. <i>Methods</i>: An in vivo model of experimentally induced diabetes using alloxan was applied to Wistar female rats, divided into six experimental groups, including a healthy control group and a diabetes-induced, untreated group. Plasma concentrations of metformin and sulfonamide were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The plasma steady-state concentrations of the pharmaceutical agents and their correlation with hypoglycemic effect were evaluated. <i>Results</i>: The combination of the synthetic sulfonamide (S) with <i>Salvia officinalis</i> extract resulted in the greatest reduction in blood glucose level (average value of 50.2%) compared to S (40.6%) or metformin (36.4%). All treatments demonstrated statistically significant differences in blood glucose levels compared to the diabetes-induced untreated group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a larger volume of distribution for the synthetic sulfonamide S (23.92 ± 8.40 L) compared to metformin (16.07 ± 5.60 L), consistent with its physicochemical properties. No significant correlation was found between plasma drug levels and glycemic response (<i>p</i> > 0.05). <i>Conclusions</i>: Our findings support the potential of combining standard therapeutic agents with natural alternatives such as <i>Salvia officinalis</i> to achieve improved glycemic control through complementary mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in vivo study to evaluate the combined effects of a sulfonylurea-type compound and <i>Salvia officinalis</i> extract in a diabetic animal model. |
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| ISSN: | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |