An in vitro study exploring the role of mucin in the protein-flavor binding mechanism

Abstract In the mouth, food flavors interact with salivary proteins like mucin, which protects mucosal surfaces and influences the rate of aroma release. The role of mucin in the protein-flavor binding mechanism was evaluated in a model system in vitro using GC-MS. The number of binding sites (n) an...

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Main Authors: Cristina Barallat-Pérez, Emma Khazzam, Hans-Gerd Janssen, Sara Martins, Vincenzo Fogliano, Teresa Oliviero
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:npj Science of Food
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-025-00451-6
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author Cristina Barallat-Pérez
Emma Khazzam
Hans-Gerd Janssen
Sara Martins
Vincenzo Fogliano
Teresa Oliviero
author_facet Cristina Barallat-Pérez
Emma Khazzam
Hans-Gerd Janssen
Sara Martins
Vincenzo Fogliano
Teresa Oliviero
author_sort Cristina Barallat-Pérez
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In the mouth, food flavors interact with salivary proteins like mucin, which protects mucosal surfaces and influences the rate of aroma release. The role of mucin in the protein-flavor binding mechanism was evaluated in a model system in vitro using GC-MS. The number of binding sites (n) and binding constants (K) of commercial food protein isolates (PIs) and carbonyl compounds were calculated using Klotz plots. Results suggested a linear relationship between PIs and carbonyl compounds, where K increased with the flavor chain length, and n ranged from n = 0.021 to 7.194. Mucin addition to flavor-protein systems increased flavor binding up to fifteen times. At 0.01(w/v)% mucin, structural changes enhanced flavor binding. At higher mucin levels, further unfolding leads to aggregation, restricting access of the flavor molecules to the binding sites. These results confirmed the role of flavor structural characteristics and mucin on flavor binding, essential for optimal food design.
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publishDate 2025-08-01
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series npj Science of Food
spelling doaj-art-ad5d1653f3ff4ad2bb09a9d7aad14a732025-08-20T03:43:30ZengNature Portfolionpj Science of Food2396-83702025-08-01911810.1038/s41538-025-00451-6An in vitro study exploring the role of mucin in the protein-flavor binding mechanismCristina Barallat-Pérez0Emma Khazzam1Hans-Gerd Janssen2Sara Martins3Vincenzo Fogliano4Teresa Oliviero5Department of Agrotechnology and Food SciencesDepartment of Agrotechnology and Food SciencesDepartment of Agrotechnology and Food SciencesDepartment of Agrotechnology and Food SciencesDepartment of Agrotechnology and Food SciencesDepartment of Agrotechnology and Food SciencesAbstract In the mouth, food flavors interact with salivary proteins like mucin, which protects mucosal surfaces and influences the rate of aroma release. The role of mucin in the protein-flavor binding mechanism was evaluated in a model system in vitro using GC-MS. The number of binding sites (n) and binding constants (K) of commercial food protein isolates (PIs) and carbonyl compounds were calculated using Klotz plots. Results suggested a linear relationship between PIs and carbonyl compounds, where K increased with the flavor chain length, and n ranged from n = 0.021 to 7.194. Mucin addition to flavor-protein systems increased flavor binding up to fifteen times. At 0.01(w/v)% mucin, structural changes enhanced flavor binding. At higher mucin levels, further unfolding leads to aggregation, restricting access of the flavor molecules to the binding sites. These results confirmed the role of flavor structural characteristics and mucin on flavor binding, essential for optimal food design.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-025-00451-6
spellingShingle Cristina Barallat-Pérez
Emma Khazzam
Hans-Gerd Janssen
Sara Martins
Vincenzo Fogliano
Teresa Oliviero
An in vitro study exploring the role of mucin in the protein-flavor binding mechanism
npj Science of Food
title An in vitro study exploring the role of mucin in the protein-flavor binding mechanism
title_full An in vitro study exploring the role of mucin in the protein-flavor binding mechanism
title_fullStr An in vitro study exploring the role of mucin in the protein-flavor binding mechanism
title_full_unstemmed An in vitro study exploring the role of mucin in the protein-flavor binding mechanism
title_short An in vitro study exploring the role of mucin in the protein-flavor binding mechanism
title_sort in vitro study exploring the role of mucin in the protein flavor binding mechanism
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-025-00451-6
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