Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Gallbladder Cancer: A Systematic Review
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a biologically aggressive malignancy characterised by poor survival outcomes often attributed to delayed diagnosis due to nonspecific clinical presentations. Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs), atypical symptoms caused by cancer...
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2025-02-01
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| author | Beth Shin Rei Lau Nevin Yi Meng Chua Wee Teck Ong Harjeet Singh Vor Luvira Kyoichi Takaori Vishal G. Shelat |
| author_facet | Beth Shin Rei Lau Nevin Yi Meng Chua Wee Teck Ong Harjeet Singh Vor Luvira Kyoichi Takaori Vishal G. Shelat |
| author_sort | Beth Shin Rei Lau |
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| description | <i>Background and Objectives</i>: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a biologically aggressive malignancy characterised by poor survival outcomes often attributed to delayed diagnosis due to nonspecific clinical presentations. Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs), atypical symptoms caused by cancer itself, may serve as valuable indicators for timely diagnosis, particularly in malignancies with nonspecific features. Understanding the manifestations of PNSs in GBC is, therefore, critical. This systematic review collates case studies documenting the association of PNS with GBC, including subsequent management and clinical outcomes. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases yielded 49 relevant articles. Upon searching other information sources, two more relevant articles were identified via citation sources. <i>Results:</i> The paraneoplastic syndromes were classified according to haematological (leukocytosis), dermatological (inflammatory myositis like dermatomyositis and polymyositis, acanthosis nigricans, Sweet’s syndrome, exfoliative dermatitis), neurological, metabolic (hypercalcemia, hyponatremia), and others (chorea). The analysis included the age, sex, and country of origin of the patient, as well as the time of PNS diagnosis relative to GBC diagnosis. Furthermore, common presenting complaints, investigations, and effectiveness of treatment modalities using survival time were assessed. <i>Conclusions</i>: While PNS management can offer some benefits, oncologic outcomes of GBC are largely poor. The majority of PNS in GBC are reported in advanced stages, and, hence, PNS has a minimal role in early diagnosis. PNS management can improve a patient’s quality of life, and thus recognition and treatment are important considerations in the holistic management of GBC patients. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ad5967135e4e4520a6514e707d29e0d6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj-art-ad5967135e4e4520a6514e707d29e0d62025-08-20T03:43:22ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442025-02-0161341710.3390/medicina61030417Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Gallbladder Cancer: A Systematic ReviewBeth Shin Rei Lau0Nevin Yi Meng Chua1Wee Teck Ong2Harjeet Singh3Vor Luvira4Kyoichi Takaori5Vishal G. Shelat6Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, SingaporeLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, SingaporeLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, SingaporeDepartment of GI Surgery, HPB and Liver Transplant, PGIMER Chandigarh, Chandigarh 160012, IndiaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandPancreatic Cancer Unit, Kyoto University Hospital Cancer Center, Kyoto 606-8507, JapanLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a biologically aggressive malignancy characterised by poor survival outcomes often attributed to delayed diagnosis due to nonspecific clinical presentations. Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs), atypical symptoms caused by cancer itself, may serve as valuable indicators for timely diagnosis, particularly in malignancies with nonspecific features. Understanding the manifestations of PNSs in GBC is, therefore, critical. This systematic review collates case studies documenting the association of PNS with GBC, including subsequent management and clinical outcomes. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases yielded 49 relevant articles. Upon searching other information sources, two more relevant articles were identified via citation sources. <i>Results:</i> The paraneoplastic syndromes were classified according to haematological (leukocytosis), dermatological (inflammatory myositis like dermatomyositis and polymyositis, acanthosis nigricans, Sweet’s syndrome, exfoliative dermatitis), neurological, metabolic (hypercalcemia, hyponatremia), and others (chorea). The analysis included the age, sex, and country of origin of the patient, as well as the time of PNS diagnosis relative to GBC diagnosis. Furthermore, common presenting complaints, investigations, and effectiveness of treatment modalities using survival time were assessed. <i>Conclusions</i>: While PNS management can offer some benefits, oncologic outcomes of GBC are largely poor. The majority of PNS in GBC are reported in advanced stages, and, hence, PNS has a minimal role in early diagnosis. PNS management can improve a patient’s quality of life, and thus recognition and treatment are important considerations in the holistic management of GBC patients.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/3/417gallbladder cancerparaneoplastic syndromeleukocytosisdermatomyositispolymyositisacanthosis nigricans |
| spellingShingle | Beth Shin Rei Lau Nevin Yi Meng Chua Wee Teck Ong Harjeet Singh Vor Luvira Kyoichi Takaori Vishal G. Shelat Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Gallbladder Cancer: A Systematic Review Medicina gallbladder cancer paraneoplastic syndrome leukocytosis dermatomyositis polymyositis acanthosis nigricans |
| title | Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Gallbladder Cancer: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Gallbladder Cancer: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Gallbladder Cancer: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Gallbladder Cancer: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Gallbladder Cancer: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | paraneoplastic syndromes in gallbladder cancer a systematic review |
| topic | gallbladder cancer paraneoplastic syndrome leukocytosis dermatomyositis polymyositis acanthosis nigricans |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/3/417 |
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