Empathy and creativity as foundations and predictors of how prosocial behavior develops in preschool age children

Abstract The emergence of prosocial tendencies in early childhood is still not well understood and not commonly tested with direct measures. This study investigated predictors of prosocial behavior (i.e., prosocial decision-making and prosocial creativity) in 3-to-5-year-old children and explored th...

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Main Authors: Nahide Gungordu, Maria Hernandez-Reif, David I. Walker, Stefanie A. Wind
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-06-01
Series:International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40723-025-00147-0
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author Nahide Gungordu
Maria Hernandez-Reif
David I. Walker
Stefanie A. Wind
author_facet Nahide Gungordu
Maria Hernandez-Reif
David I. Walker
Stefanie A. Wind
author_sort Nahide Gungordu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The emergence of prosocial tendencies in early childhood is still not well understood and not commonly tested with direct measures. This study investigated predictors of prosocial behavior (i.e., prosocial decision-making and prosocial creativity) in 3-to-5-year-old children and explored the role of demographic factors on empathy and moral behavior. The children completed a series of child-appropriate computerized standardized picture-based tasks to evaluate their creativity, empathy, moral development, prosocial decision-making, and prosocial creativity. Parents completed questionnaires on their children’s prosocial skills and empathy, while researchers used the children’s task performance to determine their prosocial behavior and creativity. Binary and ordinal logistic regression indicated that children’s age, creativity, and cognitive empathy played important roles in prosocial decision-making and prosocial creativity. These elements likely construct the foundation of children’s prosocial behavior. Moral behavior was also important for prosocial decision-making, which was a precondition for prosocial creativity. A developmental pattern was also found for the emergence of empathy and moral behaviors, suggesting that these abilities may mature over time or may be learned as children mature. By focusing on early interventions and evidence-based educational practices, policymakers can support the holistic development of young children and set the foundation for their future well-being and societal contributions.
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issn 2288-6729
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series International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy
spelling doaj-art-ad52005b6f9f473a930c19d9a88910452025-08-20T02:07:41ZengSpringerOpenInternational Journal of Child Care and Education Policy2288-67292025-06-0119112010.1186/s40723-025-00147-0Empathy and creativity as foundations and predictors of how prosocial behavior develops in preschool age childrenNahide Gungordu0Maria Hernandez-Reif1David I. Walker2Stefanie A. Wind3Ministry of National EducationDepartment of Human Development and Family Studies, University of AlabamaDepartment of Educational Studies, University of AlabamaDepartment of Educational Studies, University of AlabamaAbstract The emergence of prosocial tendencies in early childhood is still not well understood and not commonly tested with direct measures. This study investigated predictors of prosocial behavior (i.e., prosocial decision-making and prosocial creativity) in 3-to-5-year-old children and explored the role of demographic factors on empathy and moral behavior. The children completed a series of child-appropriate computerized standardized picture-based tasks to evaluate their creativity, empathy, moral development, prosocial decision-making, and prosocial creativity. Parents completed questionnaires on their children’s prosocial skills and empathy, while researchers used the children’s task performance to determine their prosocial behavior and creativity. Binary and ordinal logistic regression indicated that children’s age, creativity, and cognitive empathy played important roles in prosocial decision-making and prosocial creativity. These elements likely construct the foundation of children’s prosocial behavior. Moral behavior was also important for prosocial decision-making, which was a precondition for prosocial creativity. A developmental pattern was also found for the emergence of empathy and moral behaviors, suggesting that these abilities may mature over time or may be learned as children mature. By focusing on early interventions and evidence-based educational practices, policymakers can support the holistic development of young children and set the foundation for their future well-being and societal contributions.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40723-025-00147-0
spellingShingle Nahide Gungordu
Maria Hernandez-Reif
David I. Walker
Stefanie A. Wind
Empathy and creativity as foundations and predictors of how prosocial behavior develops in preschool age children
International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy
title Empathy and creativity as foundations and predictors of how prosocial behavior develops in preschool age children
title_full Empathy and creativity as foundations and predictors of how prosocial behavior develops in preschool age children
title_fullStr Empathy and creativity as foundations and predictors of how prosocial behavior develops in preschool age children
title_full_unstemmed Empathy and creativity as foundations and predictors of how prosocial behavior develops in preschool age children
title_short Empathy and creativity as foundations and predictors of how prosocial behavior develops in preschool age children
title_sort empathy and creativity as foundations and predictors of how prosocial behavior develops in preschool age children
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40723-025-00147-0
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