Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of Pertussis Vaccine During Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis

Background: A growing number of countries implement prenatal pertussis vaccination policies to safeguard unvaccinated infants. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of antenatal Tdap vaccination in pregnant individuals. Methods: We systematically searched PubM...

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Main Authors: Qianqian Shi, Jun Li, Quanman Hu, Cheng Cheng, Kun Yang, Xiaoyu Li, Xiaoru Song, Shuaiyin Chen, Guangcai Duan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Vaccines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/666
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author Qianqian Shi
Jun Li
Quanman Hu
Cheng Cheng
Kun Yang
Xiaoyu Li
Xiaoru Song
Shuaiyin Chen
Guangcai Duan
author_facet Qianqian Shi
Jun Li
Quanman Hu
Cheng Cheng
Kun Yang
Xiaoyu Li
Xiaoru Song
Shuaiyin Chen
Guangcai Duan
author_sort Qianqian Shi
collection DOAJ
description Background: A growing number of countries implement prenatal pertussis vaccination policies to safeguard unvaccinated infants. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of antenatal Tdap vaccination in pregnant individuals. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from their inception to 16 February 2025, rigorously screening studies and including seven randomized controlled trials and 10 case-control studies published between 2014 and 2024. For the test-negative design meta-analysis, odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals served as effect estimates, and vaccine efficacy was calculated accordingly. Standardized mean differences were used to assess geometric mean concentrations, while relative risks evaluated safety. Results: Maternal vaccination during pregnancy demonstrated 85% vaccine effectiveness (95% CI: 78–89%) in protecting infants under 3 months old. Pooled standardized mean differences for cord blood IgG antibodies against pertussis toxin, pertactin, and filamentous hemagglutinin were 1.57 (95% CI: 1.25–1.89), 2.15 (95% CI: 1.82–2.48), and 2.25 (95% CI: 1.81–2.68), respectively, indicating higher antibody levels in infants of vaccinated women before their first immunization. Safety analysis showed no significant association between Tdap vaccination during pregnancy and serious adverse events in infants (RR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.46–1.24) and pregnant women (RR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.83–1.81). Conclusion: Our findings support the implementation of pertussis vaccination during pregnancy.
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spelling doaj-art-ad42a20b1a3b4f3eb06532ce58e27efc2025-08-20T03:32:35ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-06-0113766610.3390/vaccines13070666Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of Pertussis Vaccine During Pregnancy: A Meta-AnalysisQianqian Shi0Jun Li1Quanman Hu2Cheng Cheng3Kun Yang4Xiaoyu Li5Xiaoru Song6Shuaiyin Chen7Guangcai Duan8Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaHenan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaHenan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaBackground: A growing number of countries implement prenatal pertussis vaccination policies to safeguard unvaccinated infants. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of antenatal Tdap vaccination in pregnant individuals. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from their inception to 16 February 2025, rigorously screening studies and including seven randomized controlled trials and 10 case-control studies published between 2014 and 2024. For the test-negative design meta-analysis, odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals served as effect estimates, and vaccine efficacy was calculated accordingly. Standardized mean differences were used to assess geometric mean concentrations, while relative risks evaluated safety. Results: Maternal vaccination during pregnancy demonstrated 85% vaccine effectiveness (95% CI: 78–89%) in protecting infants under 3 months old. Pooled standardized mean differences for cord blood IgG antibodies against pertussis toxin, pertactin, and filamentous hemagglutinin were 1.57 (95% CI: 1.25–1.89), 2.15 (95% CI: 1.82–2.48), and 2.25 (95% CI: 1.81–2.68), respectively, indicating higher antibody levels in infants of vaccinated women before their first immunization. Safety analysis showed no significant association between Tdap vaccination during pregnancy and serious adverse events in infants (RR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.46–1.24) and pregnant women (RR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.83–1.81). Conclusion: Our findings support the implementation of pertussis vaccination during pregnancy.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/666pregnancyinfantspertussis
spellingShingle Qianqian Shi
Jun Li
Quanman Hu
Cheng Cheng
Kun Yang
Xiaoyu Li
Xiaoru Song
Shuaiyin Chen
Guangcai Duan
Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of Pertussis Vaccine During Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis
Vaccines
pregnancy
infants
pertussis
title Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of Pertussis Vaccine During Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis
title_full Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of Pertussis Vaccine During Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of Pertussis Vaccine During Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of Pertussis Vaccine During Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis
title_short Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of Pertussis Vaccine During Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis
title_sort efficacy immunogenicity and safety of pertussis vaccine during pregnancy a meta analysis
topic pregnancy
infants
pertussis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/666
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