Assessment of Minimum Stable Areas for Young Ostriches According to Animal Welfare Legislation

Regarding the ongoing global development of commercial ostrich husbandry, it is necessary to establish science-based recommendations for the appropriate treatment and welfare of ostriches. In this study, we determined the minimum housing area required for ostriches aged between 6 and 15 months. The...

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Main Authors: Sabrina Rückschloss, Robin N. Schüttpelz, Rüdiger Korbel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/582
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author Sabrina Rückschloss
Robin N. Schüttpelz
Rüdiger Korbel
author_facet Sabrina Rückschloss
Robin N. Schüttpelz
Rüdiger Korbel
author_sort Sabrina Rückschloss
collection DOAJ
description Regarding the ongoing global development of commercial ostrich husbandry, it is necessary to establish science-based recommendations for the appropriate treatment and welfare of ostriches. In this study, we determined the minimum housing area required for ostriches aged between 6 and 15 months. The planimetry revealed that the animals in this age group cover an average area of 0.31 m<sup>2</sup> to 0.57 m<sup>2</sup> with their bodies. To investigate the effects of space differences, the animals were divided into three groups and kept in 2.5 m<sup>2</sup>, 5 m<sup>2</sup>, and 10 m<sup>2</sup> of available space per animal. When comparing their weight and growth, a deficit was found in the animals that were provided with a housing area of 2.5 m<sup>2</sup>. Furthermore, the animals exhibited differences in their integument and plumage score. The ostriches with the smallest housing area showed poorer scores in the plumage and integument than the animals with more space. At the conclusion of this study, the animals were slaughtered, and their carcass weights were compared. Similarly, lower carcass weights of the animals with a 2.5 m<sup>2</sup> barn area were observed. Prior studies have indicated that long-term stress leads to immune deficiencies associated with the inadequate development of the immune organs. However, a preliminary examination of the heart and spleen did not reveal any evidence for this. Further ethological studies are necessary to provide specific recommendations for minimum housing areas for ostriches.
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spelling doaj-art-ad409c0a35fa429fbd8da5fd19f3e5b72025-08-20T02:44:52ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-02-0115458210.3390/ani15040582Assessment of Minimum Stable Areas for Young Ostriches According to Animal Welfare LegislationSabrina Rückschloss0Robin N. Schüttpelz1Rüdiger Korbel2Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Ornamental Fish, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 Oberschleißheim, GermanyInstitute of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, GermanyClinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Ornamental Fish, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 Oberschleißheim, GermanyRegarding the ongoing global development of commercial ostrich husbandry, it is necessary to establish science-based recommendations for the appropriate treatment and welfare of ostriches. In this study, we determined the minimum housing area required for ostriches aged between 6 and 15 months. The planimetry revealed that the animals in this age group cover an average area of 0.31 m<sup>2</sup> to 0.57 m<sup>2</sup> with their bodies. To investigate the effects of space differences, the animals were divided into three groups and kept in 2.5 m<sup>2</sup>, 5 m<sup>2</sup>, and 10 m<sup>2</sup> of available space per animal. When comparing their weight and growth, a deficit was found in the animals that were provided with a housing area of 2.5 m<sup>2</sup>. Furthermore, the animals exhibited differences in their integument and plumage score. The ostriches with the smallest housing area showed poorer scores in the plumage and integument than the animals with more space. At the conclusion of this study, the animals were slaughtered, and their carcass weights were compared. Similarly, lower carcass weights of the animals with a 2.5 m<sup>2</sup> barn area were observed. Prior studies have indicated that long-term stress leads to immune deficiencies associated with the inadequate development of the immune organs. However, a preliminary examination of the heart and spleen did not reveal any evidence for this. Further ethological studies are necessary to provide specific recommendations for minimum housing areas for ostriches.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/582ostrichbarn areaanimal welfare legislationostrich husbandryratites
spellingShingle Sabrina Rückschloss
Robin N. Schüttpelz
Rüdiger Korbel
Assessment of Minimum Stable Areas for Young Ostriches According to Animal Welfare Legislation
Animals
ostrich
barn area
animal welfare legislation
ostrich husbandry
ratites
title Assessment of Minimum Stable Areas for Young Ostriches According to Animal Welfare Legislation
title_full Assessment of Minimum Stable Areas for Young Ostriches According to Animal Welfare Legislation
title_fullStr Assessment of Minimum Stable Areas for Young Ostriches According to Animal Welfare Legislation
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of Minimum Stable Areas for Young Ostriches According to Animal Welfare Legislation
title_short Assessment of Minimum Stable Areas for Young Ostriches According to Animal Welfare Legislation
title_sort assessment of minimum stable areas for young ostriches according to animal welfare legislation
topic ostrich
barn area
animal welfare legislation
ostrich husbandry
ratites
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/582
work_keys_str_mv AT sabrinaruckschloss assessmentofminimumstableareasforyoungostrichesaccordingtoanimalwelfarelegislation
AT robinnschuttpelz assessmentofminimumstableareasforyoungostrichesaccordingtoanimalwelfarelegislation
AT rudigerkorbel assessmentofminimumstableareasforyoungostrichesaccordingtoanimalwelfarelegislation