New insight into teratogenic effects of (S)-thalidomide in zebrafish embryos growing inside the chorion and subjected to electric pulses
Abstract Studies of (S)-thalidomide were conducted on zebrafish embryos subjected to electroporation processes using a square wave pulse generator. The results showed that the electroporation increases the absorption of (S)-thalidomide through the chorion into the growing embryos, which was confirme...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00641-y |
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| author | Anna Małkowska Łukasz Szymański Julita Nowakowska Dorota Kaczorek Agnieszka Nosal-Wiercińska Robert Kawęcki Ireneusz P. Grudzinski Anna M. Nowicka |
| author_facet | Anna Małkowska Łukasz Szymański Julita Nowakowska Dorota Kaczorek Agnieszka Nosal-Wiercińska Robert Kawęcki Ireneusz P. Grudzinski Anna M. Nowicka |
| author_sort | Anna Małkowska |
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| description | Abstract Studies of (S)-thalidomide were conducted on zebrafish embryos subjected to electroporation processes using a square wave pulse generator. The results showed that the electroporation increases the absorption of (S)-thalidomide through the chorion into the growing embryos, which was confirmed by increased thalidomide levels in the embryo bodies at different hours post-treatments using differential pulse voltammetry and controlled-growth mercury drop electrode techniques. (S)-thalidomide administered by electroporation produced structural body deformations in zebrafish embryos as showed by scanning electron microscopy studies. Detailed transmission electron microscopy analysis evidenced multiple deposits of the outer layer and translucencies in the chorion structure, which was also pronounced on the mitochondrial membranes. The results confirmed the spontaneous conversion of the (S)-thalidomide enantiomer to the (R)-enantiomer in embryos exposed to the (S)-thalidomide only and subjected to electroporation pulses. The electroporation was found as a promising method to increase the uptake of (S)-thalidomide in the developmental studies on early zebrafish embryos growing in the chorion. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-ad3c9b9a989a4b4b8a7a3f364e03d2ed2025-08-20T03:48:02ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-00641-yNew insight into teratogenic effects of (S)-thalidomide in zebrafish embryos growing inside the chorion and subjected to electric pulsesAnna Małkowska0Łukasz Szymański1Julita Nowakowska2Dorota Kaczorek3Agnieszka Nosal-Wiercińska4Robert Kawęcki5Ireneusz P. Grudzinski6Anna M. Nowicka7Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of WarsawUniversity of Warsaw, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Warsaw, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Siedlce, Faculty of Natural ScienceMaria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lubin, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Departament of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Siedlce, Faculty of Natural ScienceDepartment of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of WarsawUniversity of Warsaw, Faculty of ChemistryAbstract Studies of (S)-thalidomide were conducted on zebrafish embryos subjected to electroporation processes using a square wave pulse generator. The results showed that the electroporation increases the absorption of (S)-thalidomide through the chorion into the growing embryos, which was confirmed by increased thalidomide levels in the embryo bodies at different hours post-treatments using differential pulse voltammetry and controlled-growth mercury drop electrode techniques. (S)-thalidomide administered by electroporation produced structural body deformations in zebrafish embryos as showed by scanning electron microscopy studies. Detailed transmission electron microscopy analysis evidenced multiple deposits of the outer layer and translucencies in the chorion structure, which was also pronounced on the mitochondrial membranes. The results confirmed the spontaneous conversion of the (S)-thalidomide enantiomer to the (R)-enantiomer in embryos exposed to the (S)-thalidomide only and subjected to electroporation pulses. The electroporation was found as a promising method to increase the uptake of (S)-thalidomide in the developmental studies on early zebrafish embryos growing in the chorion.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00641-yThalidomideElectroporationZebrafish embryosTeratogenicity |
| spellingShingle | Anna Małkowska Łukasz Szymański Julita Nowakowska Dorota Kaczorek Agnieszka Nosal-Wiercińska Robert Kawęcki Ireneusz P. Grudzinski Anna M. Nowicka New insight into teratogenic effects of (S)-thalidomide in zebrafish embryos growing inside the chorion and subjected to electric pulses Scientific Reports Thalidomide Electroporation Zebrafish embryos Teratogenicity |
| title | New insight into teratogenic effects of (S)-thalidomide in zebrafish embryos growing inside the chorion and subjected to electric pulses |
| title_full | New insight into teratogenic effects of (S)-thalidomide in zebrafish embryos growing inside the chorion and subjected to electric pulses |
| title_fullStr | New insight into teratogenic effects of (S)-thalidomide in zebrafish embryos growing inside the chorion and subjected to electric pulses |
| title_full_unstemmed | New insight into teratogenic effects of (S)-thalidomide in zebrafish embryos growing inside the chorion and subjected to electric pulses |
| title_short | New insight into teratogenic effects of (S)-thalidomide in zebrafish embryos growing inside the chorion and subjected to electric pulses |
| title_sort | new insight into teratogenic effects of s thalidomide in zebrafish embryos growing inside the chorion and subjected to electric pulses |
| topic | Thalidomide Electroporation Zebrafish embryos Teratogenicity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00641-y |
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