Agxt2l-mediated glycerophospholipid metabolism in trophocytes explains Apis mellifera queen’s higher oviposition over A. cerana

Abstract Apis mellifera and Apis cerana are two important honey bee species widely kept and studied. But their queens differ greatly in egg-laying capacity. To determine the mechanisms of this difference, we compare gene expression, chromatin accessibility and spatial localization of differential ge...

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Main Authors: Luxia Pan, Zilong Wang, Shiqing Zhong, Tianyu Xu, Weixuan Chen, Fuping Cheng, Zhijiang Zeng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08526-6
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author Luxia Pan
Zilong Wang
Shiqing Zhong
Tianyu Xu
Weixuan Chen
Fuping Cheng
Zhijiang Zeng
author_facet Luxia Pan
Zilong Wang
Shiqing Zhong
Tianyu Xu
Weixuan Chen
Fuping Cheng
Zhijiang Zeng
author_sort Luxia Pan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Apis mellifera and Apis cerana are two important honey bee species widely kept and studied. But their queens differ greatly in egg-laying capacity. To determine the mechanisms of this difference, we compare gene expression, chromatin accessibility and spatial localization of differential genes in the ovaries of the two species in virgin queens and laying queens using ATAC-seq, RNA-Seq, homologous gene alignment and spatial transcriptome. The results reconfirm that the egg-laying capability of A. mellifera queens is significantly higher than that of A. cerana queens. The chromatin accessibility and nutrient cells ratio of A. mellifera queens are higher than those of A. cerana queens. Further investigations reveal that agxt2l (LOC408817) is significantly over-expressed in the ovaries of A. mellifera queens compared to A. cerana queens and is crucial for ovary development. Moreover, agxt2l can increase the phospholipid content in ovarian nutrient cells through the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway to promote embryo formation and is regulated by brc-z1 (LOC552255). These findings suggest that the brc-z1-agxt2l signal pathway causes increased egg-laying in the queens of A. mellifera compared to the queens of A. cerana by accelerating lipid synthesis due to heightened glycerophospholipid metabolism.
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spelling doaj-art-ad20fde145aa4d27a7eef3280dccad3b2025-08-20T03:05:55ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422025-07-018111210.1038/s42003-025-08526-6Agxt2l-mediated glycerophospholipid metabolism in trophocytes explains Apis mellifera queen’s higher oviposition over A. ceranaLuxia Pan0Zilong Wang1Shiqing Zhong2Tianyu Xu3Weixuan Chen4Fuping Cheng5Zhijiang Zeng6Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityHoneybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityHoneybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityHoneybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityHoneybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityHoneybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityHoneybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityAbstract Apis mellifera and Apis cerana are two important honey bee species widely kept and studied. But their queens differ greatly in egg-laying capacity. To determine the mechanisms of this difference, we compare gene expression, chromatin accessibility and spatial localization of differential genes in the ovaries of the two species in virgin queens and laying queens using ATAC-seq, RNA-Seq, homologous gene alignment and spatial transcriptome. The results reconfirm that the egg-laying capability of A. mellifera queens is significantly higher than that of A. cerana queens. The chromatin accessibility and nutrient cells ratio of A. mellifera queens are higher than those of A. cerana queens. Further investigations reveal that agxt2l (LOC408817) is significantly over-expressed in the ovaries of A. mellifera queens compared to A. cerana queens and is crucial for ovary development. Moreover, agxt2l can increase the phospholipid content in ovarian nutrient cells through the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway to promote embryo formation and is regulated by brc-z1 (LOC552255). These findings suggest that the brc-z1-agxt2l signal pathway causes increased egg-laying in the queens of A. mellifera compared to the queens of A. cerana by accelerating lipid synthesis due to heightened glycerophospholipid metabolism.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08526-6
spellingShingle Luxia Pan
Zilong Wang
Shiqing Zhong
Tianyu Xu
Weixuan Chen
Fuping Cheng
Zhijiang Zeng
Agxt2l-mediated glycerophospholipid metabolism in trophocytes explains Apis mellifera queen’s higher oviposition over A. cerana
Communications Biology
title Agxt2l-mediated glycerophospholipid metabolism in trophocytes explains Apis mellifera queen’s higher oviposition over A. cerana
title_full Agxt2l-mediated glycerophospholipid metabolism in trophocytes explains Apis mellifera queen’s higher oviposition over A. cerana
title_fullStr Agxt2l-mediated glycerophospholipid metabolism in trophocytes explains Apis mellifera queen’s higher oviposition over A. cerana
title_full_unstemmed Agxt2l-mediated glycerophospholipid metabolism in trophocytes explains Apis mellifera queen’s higher oviposition over A. cerana
title_short Agxt2l-mediated glycerophospholipid metabolism in trophocytes explains Apis mellifera queen’s higher oviposition over A. cerana
title_sort agxt2l mediated glycerophospholipid metabolism in trophocytes explains apis mellifera queen s higher oviposition over a cerana
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08526-6
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