Xenes-based QCM sensors: exploring borophene and silicene for humidity sensing
Abstract Borophene and silicene, two novel members of the Xene family, feature high surface reactivity and stability suitable for sensing applications. However, the gas sensing capabilities of these materials in their pristine form have not been systematically investigated. Here we show that borophe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Discover Nano |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-025-04284-w |
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| author | Ahmet Gulsaran Bersu Bastug Azer Gamze Gursu Cihat Tasaltin Nevin Tasaltin Dogu Ozyigit A.-Reum Kim Boxin Zhao Michael A. Pope Mustafa Yavuz |
| author_facet | Ahmet Gulsaran Bersu Bastug Azer Gamze Gursu Cihat Tasaltin Nevin Tasaltin Dogu Ozyigit A.-Reum Kim Boxin Zhao Michael A. Pope Mustafa Yavuz |
| author_sort | Ahmet Gulsaran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Borophene and silicene, two novel members of the Xene family, feature high surface reactivity and stability suitable for sensing applications. However, the gas sensing capabilities of these materials in their pristine form have not been systematically investigated. Here we show that borophene- and silicene-based quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors achieve stable and sensitive relative humidity detection and we model their adsorption–desorption mechanisms. Borophene and silicene nanosheets were synthesized via liquid-phase exfoliation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis. The QCM sensors exhibited sensitivities of 3.2 Hz/%RH and 3.9 Hz/%RH, response/recovery times of 122/65 s and 47/130 s and hysteresis of 1.8% and 3.8% hysteresis for borophene and silicene, respectively. The dominant sensing mechanism was determined to be chemisorption, supported by thermodynamic modeling. These results suggest that 2D borophene and silicene can significantly contribute to sensing applications, especially in environments requiring air stability. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ad1cfdff19574c33809efb9c6271ee43 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2731-9229 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Discover Nano |
| spelling | doaj-art-ad1cfdff19574c33809efb9c6271ee432025-08-20T03:06:02ZengSpringerDiscover Nano2731-92292025-07-0120111810.1186/s11671-025-04284-wXenes-based QCM sensors: exploring borophene and silicene for humidity sensingAhmet Gulsaran0Bersu Bastug Azer1Gamze Gursu2Cihat Tasaltin3Nevin Tasaltin4Dogu Ozyigit5A.-Reum Kim6Boxin Zhao7Michael A. Pope8Mustafa Yavuz9Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of WaterlooDepartment of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of WaterlooDepartment of Basic Sciences, Maltepe UniversityMaterials Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research CenterDepartment of Basic Sciences, Maltepe UniversityDepartment of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of WaterlooWaterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of WaterlooDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of WaterlooWaterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of WaterlooDepartment of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of WaterlooAbstract Borophene and silicene, two novel members of the Xene family, feature high surface reactivity and stability suitable for sensing applications. However, the gas sensing capabilities of these materials in their pristine form have not been systematically investigated. Here we show that borophene- and silicene-based quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors achieve stable and sensitive relative humidity detection and we model their adsorption–desorption mechanisms. Borophene and silicene nanosheets were synthesized via liquid-phase exfoliation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis. The QCM sensors exhibited sensitivities of 3.2 Hz/%RH and 3.9 Hz/%RH, response/recovery times of 122/65 s and 47/130 s and hysteresis of 1.8% and 3.8% hysteresis for borophene and silicene, respectively. The dominant sensing mechanism was determined to be chemisorption, supported by thermodynamic modeling. These results suggest that 2D borophene and silicene can significantly contribute to sensing applications, especially in environments requiring air stability.https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-025-04284-wBoropheneSiliceneHumidity sensingQuartz crystal microbalanceChemisorption |
| spellingShingle | Ahmet Gulsaran Bersu Bastug Azer Gamze Gursu Cihat Tasaltin Nevin Tasaltin Dogu Ozyigit A.-Reum Kim Boxin Zhao Michael A. Pope Mustafa Yavuz Xenes-based QCM sensors: exploring borophene and silicene for humidity sensing Discover Nano Borophene Silicene Humidity sensing Quartz crystal microbalance Chemisorption |
| title | Xenes-based QCM sensors: exploring borophene and silicene for humidity sensing |
| title_full | Xenes-based QCM sensors: exploring borophene and silicene for humidity sensing |
| title_fullStr | Xenes-based QCM sensors: exploring borophene and silicene for humidity sensing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Xenes-based QCM sensors: exploring borophene and silicene for humidity sensing |
| title_short | Xenes-based QCM sensors: exploring borophene and silicene for humidity sensing |
| title_sort | xenes based qcm sensors exploring borophene and silicene for humidity sensing |
| topic | Borophene Silicene Humidity sensing Quartz crystal microbalance Chemisorption |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-025-04284-w |
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