Interface-Sensitive Charge Storage and Activation Behavior of Mn(1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic Acid (BTC))-Derived Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Carbon Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries
In this study, we couple precise interface engineering via alternating current electrophoretic deposition (AC–EPD) with performance-enhancing structural transformation via annealing, enabling the development of high-performance, stable, and tunable Mn-based cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (Z...
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| author | Jieun Lee Byoungnam Park |
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| description | In this study, we couple precise interface engineering via alternating current electrophoretic deposition (AC–EPD) with performance-enhancing structural transformation via annealing, enabling the development of high-performance, stable, and tunable Mn-based cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). Using AC–EPD to fabricate Mn(BTC) (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid) cathodes followed by thermal annealing to synthesize MOF-derived Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> offers a synergistic approach that addresses several key challenges in aqueous ZIB systems. The Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> cathode prepared via AC–EPD from Mn(BTC) exhibited a remarkable specific capacity of up to 430 mAh/g at a current density of 200 mA/g. Interestingly, the capacity continued to increase progressively with cycling, suggesting dynamic structural or interfacial changes that improved Zn<sup>2+</sup> transport and utilization over time. Such capacity enhancement behavior during prolonged cycling at elevated rates has not been observed in previously reported Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-based ZIB systems. Kinetic analysis further revealed that the charge storage process is predominantly governed by diffusion-controlled mechanisms. This behavior can be attributed to the intrinsic characteristics of the Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> phase formed from the MOF precursor, where the bulk redox reactions involving Zn<sup>2+</sup> insertion require ion migration into the electrode interior. Even though the electrode was processed as an ultrathin film with enhanced electrolyte contact, the charge storage remains limited by solid-state ion diffusion rather than fast surface-driven reactions, reinforcing the diffusion-dominant nature of the system. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-ad17da32ce1c411981a9038353db62a62025-08-20T03:29:45ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-06-013012256610.3390/molecules30122566Interface-Sensitive Charge Storage and Activation Behavior of Mn(1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic Acid (BTC))-Derived Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Carbon Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc-Ion BatteriesJieun Lee0Byoungnam Park1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, 72-1, Sangsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04066, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, 72-1, Sangsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04066, Republic of KoreaIn this study, we couple precise interface engineering via alternating current electrophoretic deposition (AC–EPD) with performance-enhancing structural transformation via annealing, enabling the development of high-performance, stable, and tunable Mn-based cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). Using AC–EPD to fabricate Mn(BTC) (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid) cathodes followed by thermal annealing to synthesize MOF-derived Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> offers a synergistic approach that addresses several key challenges in aqueous ZIB systems. The Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> cathode prepared via AC–EPD from Mn(BTC) exhibited a remarkable specific capacity of up to 430 mAh/g at a current density of 200 mA/g. Interestingly, the capacity continued to increase progressively with cycling, suggesting dynamic structural or interfacial changes that improved Zn<sup>2+</sup> transport and utilization over time. Such capacity enhancement behavior during prolonged cycling at elevated rates has not been observed in previously reported Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-based ZIB systems. Kinetic analysis further revealed that the charge storage process is predominantly governed by diffusion-controlled mechanisms. This behavior can be attributed to the intrinsic characteristics of the Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> phase formed from the MOF precursor, where the bulk redox reactions involving Zn<sup>2+</sup> insertion require ion migration into the electrode interior. Even though the electrode was processed as an ultrathin film with enhanced electrolyte contact, the charge storage remains limited by solid-state ion diffusion rather than fast surface-driven reactions, reinforcing the diffusion-dominant nature of the system.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/12/2566MOFZIBinterfaceAC-EPDcharge storage |
| spellingShingle | Jieun Lee Byoungnam Park Interface-Sensitive Charge Storage and Activation Behavior of Mn(1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic Acid (BTC))-Derived Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Carbon Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries Molecules MOF ZIB interface AC-EPD charge storage |
| title | Interface-Sensitive Charge Storage and Activation Behavior of Mn(1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic Acid (BTC))-Derived Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Carbon Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries |
| title_full | Interface-Sensitive Charge Storage and Activation Behavior of Mn(1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic Acid (BTC))-Derived Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Carbon Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries |
| title_fullStr | Interface-Sensitive Charge Storage and Activation Behavior of Mn(1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic Acid (BTC))-Derived Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Carbon Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interface-Sensitive Charge Storage and Activation Behavior of Mn(1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic Acid (BTC))-Derived Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Carbon Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries |
| title_short | Interface-Sensitive Charge Storage and Activation Behavior of Mn(1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic Acid (BTC))-Derived Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Carbon Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries |
| title_sort | interface sensitive charge storage and activation behavior of mn 1 3 5 benzenetricarboxylic acid btc derived mn sub 3 sub o sub 4 sub carbon cathodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries |
| topic | MOF ZIB interface AC-EPD charge storage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/12/2566 |
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