Multifunctional 4D-printed redox-responsive needle panel meter employing geometric changes for glucose and lactate concentration measurements

Most biosensors routinely used for the detection of body metabolites commonly suffer from low patient compliance due to invasive sampling, high cost, and lack of portability for point-of-care (POC) diagnostic applications. Thus, we aimed to fabricate robust, user-friendly, affordable, and redox-resp...

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Main Authors: Tzu-Hsuan Yang, Yihenew Simegniew Birhan, Po-Cheng Chu, Leimapokpam Romina Chanu, Ping-Shan Lai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Materials & Design
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525006483
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author Tzu-Hsuan Yang
Yihenew Simegniew Birhan
Po-Cheng Chu
Leimapokpam Romina Chanu
Ping-Shan Lai
author_facet Tzu-Hsuan Yang
Yihenew Simegniew Birhan
Po-Cheng Chu
Leimapokpam Romina Chanu
Ping-Shan Lai
author_sort Tzu-Hsuan Yang
collection DOAJ
description Most biosensors routinely used for the detection of body metabolites commonly suffer from low patient compliance due to invasive sampling, high cost, and lack of portability for point-of-care (POC) diagnostic applications. Thus, we aimed to fabricate robust, user-friendly, affordable, and redox-responsive four-dimensional (4D)-printed needle panel meter (NPM) from 2,2ꞌ-(Ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol (EDDT) and Phrozen resin (PR) for glucose (GLU) and lactate (LAC) detection from blood, sweat and urine samples. Optimal needle bending was noticed upon the addition of target analytes into the NPM containing glucose oxidase (GOx, 5 U/mL, pH = 5.0, 20 min) or lactate oxidase (LOx, 0.01 U/mL, pH = 7.0, 45 min) and reversed back when reduced with NaBH4 (1.25 wt%). To ensure its feasibility and equitable distribution in underprivileged sub-Saharan African countries (SSACs), three sets of concentration scale marks analogous to the temperature ranges of 20-26℃, 27-33℃, and 34-40℃ were adopted. The NPM precisely measured significantly low concentrations of GLU and LAC in high-salt matrix samples with considerably low limits of detection (LOD): 0.21 and 0.11 µM, respectively. In conclusion, the reusability, storage stability, and ease of needle maintenance make the NPM desirable for the quantitative determination of GLU and LAC from complex biological samples.
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spelling doaj-art-ad0b2da71c3541668cab469ca06e9f832025-08-20T02:10:01ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752025-07-0125511422810.1016/j.matdes.2025.114228Multifunctional 4D-printed redox-responsive needle panel meter employing geometric changes for glucose and lactate concentration measurementsTzu-Hsuan Yang0Yihenew Simegniew Birhan1Po-Cheng Chu2Leimapokpam Romina Chanu3Ping-Shan Lai4Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, TaiwanDepartment of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, EthiopiaDepartment of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Basic Research and Development Department, Powin Biomedical Co. Ltd., Taichung 428, TaiwanPh.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, TaiwanDepartment of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Corresponding author at: Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.Most biosensors routinely used for the detection of body metabolites commonly suffer from low patient compliance due to invasive sampling, high cost, and lack of portability for point-of-care (POC) diagnostic applications. Thus, we aimed to fabricate robust, user-friendly, affordable, and redox-responsive four-dimensional (4D)-printed needle panel meter (NPM) from 2,2ꞌ-(Ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol (EDDT) and Phrozen resin (PR) for glucose (GLU) and lactate (LAC) detection from blood, sweat and urine samples. Optimal needle bending was noticed upon the addition of target analytes into the NPM containing glucose oxidase (GOx, 5 U/mL, pH = 5.0, 20 min) or lactate oxidase (LOx, 0.01 U/mL, pH = 7.0, 45 min) and reversed back when reduced with NaBH4 (1.25 wt%). To ensure its feasibility and equitable distribution in underprivileged sub-Saharan African countries (SSACs), three sets of concentration scale marks analogous to the temperature ranges of 20-26℃, 27-33℃, and 34-40℃ were adopted. The NPM precisely measured significantly low concentrations of GLU and LAC in high-salt matrix samples with considerably low limits of detection (LOD): 0.21 and 0.11 µM, respectively. In conclusion, the reusability, storage stability, and ease of needle maintenance make the NPM desirable for the quantitative determination of GLU and LAC from complex biological samples.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S02641275250064834D printingGlucoseLactateBiosensorsNeedle panel metersRedox-responsive
spellingShingle Tzu-Hsuan Yang
Yihenew Simegniew Birhan
Po-Cheng Chu
Leimapokpam Romina Chanu
Ping-Shan Lai
Multifunctional 4D-printed redox-responsive needle panel meter employing geometric changes for glucose and lactate concentration measurements
Materials & Design
4D printing
Glucose
Lactate
Biosensors
Needle panel meters
Redox-responsive
title Multifunctional 4D-printed redox-responsive needle panel meter employing geometric changes for glucose and lactate concentration measurements
title_full Multifunctional 4D-printed redox-responsive needle panel meter employing geometric changes for glucose and lactate concentration measurements
title_fullStr Multifunctional 4D-printed redox-responsive needle panel meter employing geometric changes for glucose and lactate concentration measurements
title_full_unstemmed Multifunctional 4D-printed redox-responsive needle panel meter employing geometric changes for glucose and lactate concentration measurements
title_short Multifunctional 4D-printed redox-responsive needle panel meter employing geometric changes for glucose and lactate concentration measurements
title_sort multifunctional 4d printed redox responsive needle panel meter employing geometric changes for glucose and lactate concentration measurements
topic 4D printing
Glucose
Lactate
Biosensors
Needle panel meters
Redox-responsive
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525006483
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