The Hallmarks of Ageing in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Telomeres: A Molecular Perspective
Ageing is a complex and unavoidable physiological process which, in simple terms, consists of a progressive deterioration in the functionality of cells, tissues and organs, culminating in an increased risk of developing chronic pathologies. Telomeres, the repetitive nucleotide structures at the end...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/4/273 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850144586450599936 |
|---|---|
| author | Miruna-Maria Apetroaei Stella Baliou Petros Ioannou Persefoni Fragkiadaki Gabriela Ștefan Marina Ionela (Ilie) Nedea George-Traian-Alexandru Burcea-Dragomiroiu Bruno Ștefan Velescu Anca Oana Docea Denisa Ioana Udeanu Aristidis Tsatsakis Andreea Letiția Arsene |
| author_facet | Miruna-Maria Apetroaei Stella Baliou Petros Ioannou Persefoni Fragkiadaki Gabriela Ștefan Marina Ionela (Ilie) Nedea George-Traian-Alexandru Burcea-Dragomiroiu Bruno Ștefan Velescu Anca Oana Docea Denisa Ioana Udeanu Aristidis Tsatsakis Andreea Letiția Arsene |
| author_sort | Miruna-Maria Apetroaei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ageing is a complex and unavoidable physiological process which, in simple terms, consists of a progressive deterioration in the functionality of cells, tissues and organs, culminating in an increased risk of developing chronic pathologies. Telomeres, the repetitive nucleotide structures at the end of chromosomes, ensure genomic integrity and modulate cellular senescence. The progressive shortening of telomere length with each cell division directly correlates with an increased susceptibility to developing chronic pathologies. However, this shortening, normally physiological and inevitable, can be markedly accelerated in the presence of chronic infections, such as HIV-1 infection, by sustained and continuous activation of the immune system, chronic inflammation, generation of oxidative stress, or direct alterations produced by viral proteins. Thus, in this narrative review, we discuss the 12 hallmarks of ageing in the context of HIV-1 infection, as understanding the molecular changes induced by HIV-1 through these well-established pillars could provide a holistic approach to the management of HIV-positive patients. At the same time, considering that telomeres are at the centre of all these changes, an assessment of the impact of antiretroviral therapy on telomere length is necessary to guide clinical decisions. The ultimate goal of this research is to develop personalised therapies to increase the quality of life and health outcomes of HIV patients. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ad00550f5d8e4f6bab1d155fe8edbc87 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1467-3037 1467-3045 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-ad00550f5d8e4f6bab1d155fe8edbc872025-08-20T02:28:19ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452025-04-0147427310.3390/cimb47040273The Hallmarks of Ageing in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Telomeres: A Molecular PerspectiveMiruna-Maria Apetroaei0Stella Baliou1Petros Ioannou2Persefoni Fragkiadaki3Gabriela Ștefan4Marina Ionela (Ilie) Nedea5George-Traian-Alexandru Burcea-Dragomiroiu6Bruno Ștefan Velescu7Anca Oana Docea8Denisa Ioana Udeanu9Aristidis Tsatsakis10Andreea Letiția Arsene11Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, RomaniaLaboratory of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003 Heraklion, GreeceDepartment of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, GreeceLaboratory of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003 Heraklion, GreeceFaculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaFaculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, RomaniaLaboratory of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003 Heraklion, GreeceFaculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, RomaniaAgeing is a complex and unavoidable physiological process which, in simple terms, consists of a progressive deterioration in the functionality of cells, tissues and organs, culminating in an increased risk of developing chronic pathologies. Telomeres, the repetitive nucleotide structures at the end of chromosomes, ensure genomic integrity and modulate cellular senescence. The progressive shortening of telomere length with each cell division directly correlates with an increased susceptibility to developing chronic pathologies. However, this shortening, normally physiological and inevitable, can be markedly accelerated in the presence of chronic infections, such as HIV-1 infection, by sustained and continuous activation of the immune system, chronic inflammation, generation of oxidative stress, or direct alterations produced by viral proteins. Thus, in this narrative review, we discuss the 12 hallmarks of ageing in the context of HIV-1 infection, as understanding the molecular changes induced by HIV-1 through these well-established pillars could provide a holistic approach to the management of HIV-positive patients. At the same time, considering that telomeres are at the centre of all these changes, an assessment of the impact of antiretroviral therapy on telomere length is necessary to guide clinical decisions. The ultimate goal of this research is to develop personalised therapies to increase the quality of life and health outcomes of HIV patients.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/4/273HIV-1ageingtelomere lengthtelomere attrition in HIV-1ageing biomarkersaccelerated ageing |
| spellingShingle | Miruna-Maria Apetroaei Stella Baliou Petros Ioannou Persefoni Fragkiadaki Gabriela Ștefan Marina Ionela (Ilie) Nedea George-Traian-Alexandru Burcea-Dragomiroiu Bruno Ștefan Velescu Anca Oana Docea Denisa Ioana Udeanu Aristidis Tsatsakis Andreea Letiția Arsene The Hallmarks of Ageing in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Telomeres: A Molecular Perspective Current Issues in Molecular Biology HIV-1 ageing telomere length telomere attrition in HIV-1 ageing biomarkers accelerated ageing |
| title | The Hallmarks of Ageing in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Telomeres: A Molecular Perspective |
| title_full | The Hallmarks of Ageing in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Telomeres: A Molecular Perspective |
| title_fullStr | The Hallmarks of Ageing in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Telomeres: A Molecular Perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Hallmarks of Ageing in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Telomeres: A Molecular Perspective |
| title_short | The Hallmarks of Ageing in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Telomeres: A Molecular Perspective |
| title_sort | hallmarks of ageing in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the impact of antiretroviral therapy on telomeres a molecular perspective |
| topic | HIV-1 ageing telomere length telomere attrition in HIV-1 ageing biomarkers accelerated ageing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/4/273 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mirunamariaapetroaei thehallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT stellabaliou thehallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT petrosioannou thehallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT persefonifragkiadaki thehallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT gabrielastefan thehallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT marinaionelailienedea thehallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT georgetraianalexandruburceadragomiroiu thehallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT brunostefanvelescu thehallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT ancaoanadocea thehallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT denisaioanaudeanu thehallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT aristidistsatsakis thehallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT andreealetitiaarsene thehallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT mirunamariaapetroaei hallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT stellabaliou hallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT petrosioannou hallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT persefonifragkiadaki hallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT gabrielastefan hallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT marinaionelailienedea hallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT georgetraianalexandruburceadragomiroiu hallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT brunostefanvelescu hallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT ancaoanadocea hallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT denisaioanaudeanu hallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT aristidistsatsakis hallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective AT andreealetitiaarsene hallmarksofageinginhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfectionandtheimpactofantiretroviraltherapyontelomeresamolecularperspective |