Bitcoin as Tool for Financial Inclusion in El Salvador: The Perils of Authoritarian Governance

In 2021, El Salvador declared bitcoin legal tender. According to President Nayib Bukele, the measure was intended to expand access to financial services in a country with a high proportion of unbanked people and to cheapen and ease remittance flows for migrants and their families. In this article, w...

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Main Authors: Titus Meijering, Antulio Rosales
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of Politics in Latin America
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/1866802X251316902
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author Titus Meijering
Antulio Rosales
author_facet Titus Meijering
Antulio Rosales
author_sort Titus Meijering
collection DOAJ
description In 2021, El Salvador declared bitcoin legal tender. According to President Nayib Bukele, the measure was intended to expand access to financial services in a country with a high proportion of unbanked people and to cheapen and ease remittance flows for migrants and their families. In this article, we inquire about the use of bitcoin as a tool for financial inclusion and contend that this policy needs to be seen in the broader context of democratic backsliding. We show that bitcoin has not translated into financial inclusion, but instead, the bitcoin law serves as a public relations tool to capture new support from like-minded constituencies, build closer relations with them, and empower international “crypto-bros.” On the other hand, this is a tool to benefit a close circle close to the president with the use of public funds, as part of a broader historical shift of elites in El Salvador.
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spelling doaj-art-acef300224364714ad72c19f3497d2c82025-08-20T03:13:08ZengSAGE PublishingJournal of Politics in Latin America1866-802X1868-48902025-08-011710.1177/1866802X251316902Bitcoin as Tool for Financial Inclusion in El Salvador: The Perils of Authoritarian GovernanceTitus Meijering0Antulio Rosales1 International Development Studies, , Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Social Science, , London, ON, CanadaIn 2021, El Salvador declared bitcoin legal tender. According to President Nayib Bukele, the measure was intended to expand access to financial services in a country with a high proportion of unbanked people and to cheapen and ease remittance flows for migrants and their families. In this article, we inquire about the use of bitcoin as a tool for financial inclusion and contend that this policy needs to be seen in the broader context of democratic backsliding. We show that bitcoin has not translated into financial inclusion, but instead, the bitcoin law serves as a public relations tool to capture new support from like-minded constituencies, build closer relations with them, and empower international “crypto-bros.” On the other hand, this is a tool to benefit a close circle close to the president with the use of public funds, as part of a broader historical shift of elites in El Salvador.https://doi.org/10.1177/1866802X251316902
spellingShingle Titus Meijering
Antulio Rosales
Bitcoin as Tool for Financial Inclusion in El Salvador: The Perils of Authoritarian Governance
Journal of Politics in Latin America
title Bitcoin as Tool for Financial Inclusion in El Salvador: The Perils of Authoritarian Governance
title_full Bitcoin as Tool for Financial Inclusion in El Salvador: The Perils of Authoritarian Governance
title_fullStr Bitcoin as Tool for Financial Inclusion in El Salvador: The Perils of Authoritarian Governance
title_full_unstemmed Bitcoin as Tool for Financial Inclusion in El Salvador: The Perils of Authoritarian Governance
title_short Bitcoin as Tool for Financial Inclusion in El Salvador: The Perils of Authoritarian Governance
title_sort bitcoin as tool for financial inclusion in el salvador the perils of authoritarian governance
url https://doi.org/10.1177/1866802X251316902
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