Hormesis and health: molecular mechanisms and the key role of polyphenols

Hormesis is a fundamental adaptive mechanism in response to moderate stress stimuli. This phenomenon underlies many preventive and therapeutic strategies, particularly in the context of chronic-degenerative diseases. The aim of the current article is to analyze the main molecular pathways involved i...

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Main Authors: Pasquale Perrone, Stefania D’Angelo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Food Chemistry Advances
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X25001467
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author Pasquale Perrone
Stefania D’Angelo
author_facet Pasquale Perrone
Stefania D’Angelo
author_sort Pasquale Perrone
collection DOAJ
description Hormesis is a fundamental adaptive mechanism in response to moderate stress stimuli. This phenomenon underlies many preventive and therapeutic strategies, particularly in the context of chronic-degenerative diseases. The aim of the current article is to analyze the main molecular pathways involved in hormetic processes, and their roles in promoting longevity, cellular resilience, and protection against harmful agents. Among the substances capable of triggering hormetic responses, polyphenols, bioactive compounds found in many plant-based foods, play a prominent role. Although polyphenols have relatively modest direct antioxidant activity, they are powerful inducers of hormetic responses. They act as low-dose xenobiotics, capable of stimulating endogenous cellular defense mechanisms. This dual nature, potentially toxic at high doses but beneficial at low concentrations, grants polyphenols a central role in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. This review offers a novel perspective by integrating molecular, nutritional, and systemic dimensions of polyphenol-induced hormesis, with particular emphasis on the dynamic crosstalk between cellular stress responses and microbiota-derived signals. This manuscript highlights underappreciated mechanisms and proposes a more interconnected framework for understanding the health effects of polyphenols. In conclusion, polyphenol-induced hormesis appears as an innovative and promising paradigm for health promotion and the prevention of age-related diseases.
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spelling doaj-art-aced3a62751a498384fd03bbfe767f692025-08-20T03:45:10ZengElsevierFood Chemistry Advances2772-753X2025-06-01710103010.1016/j.focha.2025.101030Hormesis and health: molecular mechanisms and the key role of polyphenolsPasquale Perrone0Stefania D’Angelo1Department of Medical, Movement, and Wellbeing Sciences, Parthenope University of Naples, 80133 Naples, ItalyCorresponding author.; Department of Medical, Movement, and Wellbeing Sciences, Parthenope University of Naples, 80133 Naples, ItalyHormesis is a fundamental adaptive mechanism in response to moderate stress stimuli. This phenomenon underlies many preventive and therapeutic strategies, particularly in the context of chronic-degenerative diseases. The aim of the current article is to analyze the main molecular pathways involved in hormetic processes, and their roles in promoting longevity, cellular resilience, and protection against harmful agents. Among the substances capable of triggering hormetic responses, polyphenols, bioactive compounds found in many plant-based foods, play a prominent role. Although polyphenols have relatively modest direct antioxidant activity, they are powerful inducers of hormetic responses. They act as low-dose xenobiotics, capable of stimulating endogenous cellular defense mechanisms. This dual nature, potentially toxic at high doses but beneficial at low concentrations, grants polyphenols a central role in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. This review offers a novel perspective by integrating molecular, nutritional, and systemic dimensions of polyphenol-induced hormesis, with particular emphasis on the dynamic crosstalk between cellular stress responses and microbiota-derived signals. This manuscript highlights underappreciated mechanisms and proposes a more interconnected framework for understanding the health effects of polyphenols. In conclusion, polyphenol-induced hormesis appears as an innovative and promising paradigm for health promotion and the prevention of age-related diseases.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X25001467Defense mechanismHormesisOxidative stressPlant-derived foodPolyphenols
spellingShingle Pasquale Perrone
Stefania D’Angelo
Hormesis and health: molecular mechanisms and the key role of polyphenols
Food Chemistry Advances
Defense mechanism
Hormesis
Oxidative stress
Plant-derived food
Polyphenols
title Hormesis and health: molecular mechanisms and the key role of polyphenols
title_full Hormesis and health: molecular mechanisms and the key role of polyphenols
title_fullStr Hormesis and health: molecular mechanisms and the key role of polyphenols
title_full_unstemmed Hormesis and health: molecular mechanisms and the key role of polyphenols
title_short Hormesis and health: molecular mechanisms and the key role of polyphenols
title_sort hormesis and health molecular mechanisms and the key role of polyphenols
topic Defense mechanism
Hormesis
Oxidative stress
Plant-derived food
Polyphenols
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X25001467
work_keys_str_mv AT pasqualeperrone hormesisandhealthmolecularmechanismsandthekeyroleofpolyphenols
AT stefaniadangelo hormesisandhealthmolecularmechanismsandthekeyroleofpolyphenols