The role of M1/M2 macrophage polarization in the pathogenesis of obesity-related kidney disease and related pathologies
Obesity is a rapidly growing health problem worldwide, affecting both adults and children and increasing the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In addition, obesity is closely linked to chronic kidney disease (CKD) by either exacerbating...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1534823/full |
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| author | Periklis Dousdampanis Ioanna Aggeletopoulou Ioanna Aggeletopoulou Athanasia Mouzaki |
| author_facet | Periklis Dousdampanis Ioanna Aggeletopoulou Ioanna Aggeletopoulou Athanasia Mouzaki |
| author_sort | Periklis Dousdampanis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Obesity is a rapidly growing health problem worldwide, affecting both adults and children and increasing the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In addition, obesity is closely linked to chronic kidney disease (CKD) by either exacerbating diabetic complications or directly causing kidney damage. Obesity-related CKD is characterized by proteinuria, lipid accumulation, fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis, which can gradually impair kidney function. Among the immune cells of the innate and adaptive immune response involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases, macrophages play a crucial role in the inflammation associated with CKD. In obese individuals, macrophages enter a pro-inflammatory state known as M1 polarization, which contributes to chronic inflammation. This polarization promotes tissue damage, inflammation and fibrosis, leading to progressive loss of kidney function. In addition, macrophage-induced oxidative stress is a key feature of CKD as it also promotes cell damage and inflammation. Macrophages also contribute to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes by releasing inflammatory molecules that impair glucose metabolism, complicating the management of diabetes in obese patients. Hypertension and atherosclerosis, which are often associated with obesity, also contribute to the progression of CKD via immune and inflammatory pathways. Macrophages influence blood pressure regulation and contribute to vascular inflammation, particularly via the renin-angiotensin system. In atherosclerosis, macrophages accumulate in arterial plaques, leading to chronic inflammation and plaque instability, which may increase the risk of CVD in CKD patients. This review focuses on the involvement of macrophages in CKD and highlights their role as a critical link between CKD and other pathologies. Targeting macrophage polarization and the ensuing macrophage-induced inflammation could be an effective therapeutic strategy for CKD and related diseases and improve outcomes for patients with obesity-related kidney disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-acec7275a1ab40258c0581d6b3d793e1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-acec7275a1ab40258c0581d6b3d793e12025-01-10T08:43:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-01-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.15348231534823The role of M1/M2 macrophage polarization in the pathogenesis of obesity-related kidney disease and related pathologiesPeriklis Dousdampanis0Ioanna Aggeletopoulou1Ioanna Aggeletopoulou2Athanasia Mouzaki3Department of Nephrology, Saint Andrews General Hospital of Patras, Patras, GreeceLaboratory of Immunohematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, GreeceDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, GreeceLaboratory of Immunohematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, GreeceObesity is a rapidly growing health problem worldwide, affecting both adults and children and increasing the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In addition, obesity is closely linked to chronic kidney disease (CKD) by either exacerbating diabetic complications or directly causing kidney damage. Obesity-related CKD is characterized by proteinuria, lipid accumulation, fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis, which can gradually impair kidney function. Among the immune cells of the innate and adaptive immune response involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases, macrophages play a crucial role in the inflammation associated with CKD. In obese individuals, macrophages enter a pro-inflammatory state known as M1 polarization, which contributes to chronic inflammation. This polarization promotes tissue damage, inflammation and fibrosis, leading to progressive loss of kidney function. In addition, macrophage-induced oxidative stress is a key feature of CKD as it also promotes cell damage and inflammation. Macrophages also contribute to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes by releasing inflammatory molecules that impair glucose metabolism, complicating the management of diabetes in obese patients. Hypertension and atherosclerosis, which are often associated with obesity, also contribute to the progression of CKD via immune and inflammatory pathways. Macrophages influence blood pressure regulation and contribute to vascular inflammation, particularly via the renin-angiotensin system. In atherosclerosis, macrophages accumulate in arterial plaques, leading to chronic inflammation and plaque instability, which may increase the risk of CVD in CKD patients. This review focuses on the involvement of macrophages in CKD and highlights their role as a critical link between CKD and other pathologies. Targeting macrophage polarization and the ensuing macrophage-induced inflammation could be an effective therapeutic strategy for CKD and related diseases and improve outcomes for patients with obesity-related kidney disease.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1534823/fullchronic kidney diseasecardiovascular diseasemacrophagesM1M2obesity |
| spellingShingle | Periklis Dousdampanis Ioanna Aggeletopoulou Ioanna Aggeletopoulou Athanasia Mouzaki The role of M1/M2 macrophage polarization in the pathogenesis of obesity-related kidney disease and related pathologies Frontiers in Immunology chronic kidney disease cardiovascular disease macrophages M1 M2 obesity |
| title | The role of M1/M2 macrophage polarization in the pathogenesis of obesity-related kidney disease and related pathologies |
| title_full | The role of M1/M2 macrophage polarization in the pathogenesis of obesity-related kidney disease and related pathologies |
| title_fullStr | The role of M1/M2 macrophage polarization in the pathogenesis of obesity-related kidney disease and related pathologies |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of M1/M2 macrophage polarization in the pathogenesis of obesity-related kidney disease and related pathologies |
| title_short | The role of M1/M2 macrophage polarization in the pathogenesis of obesity-related kidney disease and related pathologies |
| title_sort | role of m1 m2 macrophage polarization in the pathogenesis of obesity related kidney disease and related pathologies |
| topic | chronic kidney disease cardiovascular disease macrophages M1 M2 obesity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1534823/full |
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