Utilization of ladle furnace slag and fly ash as partially replacement of cement

Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS) and fly ash (FA) are industrial waste products commonly deposited in landfills, while the cement industry is a major source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Previous research has explored using LFS and FA as cement replacement materials to help mitigate environmental impac...

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Main Authors: Khin Sam Thwe, Jiratchaya Ayawanna, Lindung Zalbuin Mase, Salisa Chaiyaput
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Cleaner Engineering and Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790825000333
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author Khin Sam Thwe
Jiratchaya Ayawanna
Lindung Zalbuin Mase
Salisa Chaiyaput
author_facet Khin Sam Thwe
Jiratchaya Ayawanna
Lindung Zalbuin Mase
Salisa Chaiyaput
author_sort Khin Sam Thwe
collection DOAJ
description Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS) and fly ash (FA) are industrial waste products commonly deposited in landfills, while the cement industry is a major source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Previous research has explored using LFS and FA as cement replacement materials to help mitigate environmental impacts. Yet, no studies have explored combining LFS and FA as cement replacement materials. Therefore, this research highlights the study of the combination of LFS and FA mixes as a partial cement replacement. The mix design for cement replacement materials was developed by combining ordinary Portland cement (OPC), LFS, and FA in the following weight ratios: 10:10:80, 20:20:60, and 30:30:40. These mix designs were assessed in comparison to 100%OPC (% by weight), evaluating key properties (bulk density, specific gravity, normal consistency, setting time, compressive strength, flexural strength, and microstructural characteristics). According to the findings, incorporating LFS and FA, both pozzolanic materials effectively improved the strength of the material by promoting a pozzolanic reaction, particularly during the final stages of curing. Furthermore, it was found that a mixed design containing 20% OPC, 20% LFS, and 60% FA demonstrated suitable properties for cement replacement in various applications, with beneficial results in terms of setting time and strength development. From X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope (SEM analysis), C-S-H gel, as well as Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 chemical compounds, were formulated. The aforementioned replacement is being used to promote environmental sustainability through the efficient use of industrial byproducts.
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spelling doaj-art-acdfa9f03d6541fdb1b3e2b015ee28862025-08-20T02:57:33ZengElsevierCleaner Engineering and Technology2666-79082025-03-012510091010.1016/j.clet.2025.100910Utilization of ladle furnace slag and fly ash as partially replacement of cementKhin Sam Thwe0Jiratchaya Ayawanna1Lindung Zalbuin Mase2Salisa Chaiyaput3Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, ThailandSchool of Ceramic Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, ThailandDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bengkulu, Bengkulu, 38371, IndonesiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; Corresponding author.Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS) and fly ash (FA) are industrial waste products commonly deposited in landfills, while the cement industry is a major source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Previous research has explored using LFS and FA as cement replacement materials to help mitigate environmental impacts. Yet, no studies have explored combining LFS and FA as cement replacement materials. Therefore, this research highlights the study of the combination of LFS and FA mixes as a partial cement replacement. The mix design for cement replacement materials was developed by combining ordinary Portland cement (OPC), LFS, and FA in the following weight ratios: 10:10:80, 20:20:60, and 30:30:40. These mix designs were assessed in comparison to 100%OPC (% by weight), evaluating key properties (bulk density, specific gravity, normal consistency, setting time, compressive strength, flexural strength, and microstructural characteristics). According to the findings, incorporating LFS and FA, both pozzolanic materials effectively improved the strength of the material by promoting a pozzolanic reaction, particularly during the final stages of curing. Furthermore, it was found that a mixed design containing 20% OPC, 20% LFS, and 60% FA demonstrated suitable properties for cement replacement in various applications, with beneficial results in terms of setting time and strength development. From X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope (SEM analysis), C-S-H gel, as well as Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 chemical compounds, were formulated. The aforementioned replacement is being used to promote environmental sustainability through the efficient use of industrial byproducts.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790825000333Cement replacementFly ashLadle furnace slagMicrostructureStrength
spellingShingle Khin Sam Thwe
Jiratchaya Ayawanna
Lindung Zalbuin Mase
Salisa Chaiyaput
Utilization of ladle furnace slag and fly ash as partially replacement of cement
Cleaner Engineering and Technology
Cement replacement
Fly ash
Ladle furnace slag
Microstructure
Strength
title Utilization of ladle furnace slag and fly ash as partially replacement of cement
title_full Utilization of ladle furnace slag and fly ash as partially replacement of cement
title_fullStr Utilization of ladle furnace slag and fly ash as partially replacement of cement
title_full_unstemmed Utilization of ladle furnace slag and fly ash as partially replacement of cement
title_short Utilization of ladle furnace slag and fly ash as partially replacement of cement
title_sort utilization of ladle furnace slag and fly ash as partially replacement of cement
topic Cement replacement
Fly ash
Ladle furnace slag
Microstructure
Strength
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790825000333
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AT lindungzalbuinmase utilizationofladlefurnaceslagandflyashaspartiallyreplacementofcement
AT salisachaiyaput utilizationofladlefurnaceslagandflyashaspartiallyreplacementofcement