Estimation of the economic impact of lumpy skin disease (LSD) outbreaks (2022–23) in dairy cattle farmers of Uttar Pradesh, India
Lumpy skin disease is a vector-borne notifiable disease that causes significant economic loss. India witnessed its first-ever LSD outbreak in August 2019 in the state of Odisha, and it subsequently spread to other states. To estimate the economic loss in dairy animals due to LSD outbreaks, a study w...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | The Microbe |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S295019462500281X |
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| Summary: | Lumpy skin disease is a vector-borne notifiable disease that causes significant economic loss. India witnessed its first-ever LSD outbreak in August 2019 in the state of Odisha, and it subsequently spread to other states. To estimate the economic loss in dairy animals due to LSD outbreaks, a study was conducted in 13 districts of Uttar Pradesh (UP) involving 248 farmers during 2022–2023. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information about the outbreaks and economic losses incurred. The descriptive analysis of the collected data showed that out of 1156 dairy cattle, 271 were infected. From the data collected, the parameters such as LSD incidence in UP, average daily milk yield, milk yield loss due to LSD, abortion, treatment costs, breeding costs, vector management costs, opportunity costs, and death loss were parameterized using best-fit distribution based on Akaike Information Criteria (AIC). A probabilistic economic estimation model was used with Monte Carlo simulations and Latin Hypercube sampling. The estimated mean milk yield loss per Crossbred (CB) dairy cattle was INR (Indian Rupee) 9630 (95 % CI, 5267 - 15,727) / USD 111.57 (95 % CI, 61.06–182.32) and INR 3586 (95 % CI, 2116 - 5558) / USD 41.56 (95 % CI, 24.53–64.41) per Indigenous (IND) dairy cattle. The mean economic loss due to all parameters per CB dairy cattle and IND dairy cattle were INR 12,234 (95 % CI, 7761 - 18,396) / USD 141.74 (95 % CI, 89.91–213.18) and INR 5911 (95 % CI, 4308 - 7949) / USD 68.47 (95 % CI, 49.91–92.09) respectively. From the loss estimated from the study population, the mean total economic loss per animal was extrapolated to the LSD infected population of dairy animals of UP, and the result was INR 5185.38 million (95 % CI, 2673.09 - 8500.32) / USD 60.08 million (95 % CI, 30.97–98.49) for CB dairy cattle and INR 6404.41 million (95 % CI, 3421.62 - 10,303.43) / USD 74.20 million (95 % CI, 39.64–119.39) for IND dairy cattle. The estimated total economic loss for dairy cattle (CB and IND) of UP was INR 11,589.79 million (95 % CI, 6094.71 - 18,803.75) / USD 134.27 million (95 % CI, 70.59 – 217.87) for the LSD outbreak period (2022–23). Estimating the economic burden of the disease helps to mitigate the economic impacts by disease prevention and control. |
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| ISSN: | 2950-1946 |