Understanding Injury Patterns and Predictors in Pickleball Players: A Nationwide Study of 1,758 Participants

Abstract Background Despite pickleball’s rapid growth in the United States, research regarding the patterns and predictors of injuries remain sparse. Objectives To describe the prevalence and characteristics of injuries, including time-loss (stopping play for at least a day) and non-time-loss injuri...

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Main Authors: Oluwatoyosi B.A. Owoeye, Ted Yemm, Ryan Blechle, Mitchell Wayne, Dawn Kennedy, Wassim Mourad, Katie Stamatakis, Timothy Howell
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-08-01
Series:Sports Medicine - Open
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-025-00900-2
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author Oluwatoyosi B.A. Owoeye
Ted Yemm
Ryan Blechle
Mitchell Wayne
Dawn Kennedy
Wassim Mourad
Katie Stamatakis
Timothy Howell
author_facet Oluwatoyosi B.A. Owoeye
Ted Yemm
Ryan Blechle
Mitchell Wayne
Dawn Kennedy
Wassim Mourad
Katie Stamatakis
Timothy Howell
author_sort Oluwatoyosi B.A. Owoeye
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Despite pickleball’s rapid growth in the United States, research regarding the patterns and predictors of injuries remain sparse. Objectives To describe the prevalence and characteristics of injuries, including time-loss (stopping play for at least a day) and non-time-loss injuries, and evaluate the predictors of injuries in pickleball players. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. Pickleball players ≥ 18 years of age across the United States, who participated in pickleball at least once a month, were invited to take a pre-validated survey. The primary outcome was self-reported all-complaint injuries, including any physical complaints in the past 12 months. Results A total of 1,758 participants (mean age: 62.7 ± 13.0 years) were included in the final analysis. The 12-month prevalence of all-complaint injuries was 68.5% (95% CI: 66.3–70.7%), with time-loss injuries at 40.8% (95% CI: 38.5–43.1%) and non-time-loss injuries at 51.2% (95% CI: 49.4–54.1%). The point prevalence of pain/ongoing injuries was 35.9% (95% CI: 33.1–38.7%). The knee reported the highest injury prevalence (29.1%) followed by combined lower extremity regions of thigh, leg and foot (26.9%), shoulder (22.2%), back (19.9%) and elbow (18.4%). The top “most serious” injury types were overuse/chronic conditions (35.3%), joint/ligament sprains (23.8%), and muscle strains/pulls (20.7%). Based on a multivariable logistic regression, significant predictors of injury included male sex (OR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.07–1.65, p = 0.011), higher frequency of weekly play (OR: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.15–1.84, p = 0.002), fewer years (< 5 years) of play experience (OR: 1.50, 95%CI: 1.19–1.90, p = 0.001), low/moderate perception of injury prevention importance (OR: 2.02; 95%CI: 1.52–2.67, p < 0.001), and age categories ranging from 33 to 77 years (ORs ranging from 1.83 to 3.11, p ≤ 0.009). Neither increased duration of play nor higher body mass index significantly increased the odds of injury. Conclusions Injuries are common among pickleball players, with 69% experiencing at least one all-complaint injury annually, including two in five sustaining injuries that halt play and one in three continuing to play despite pain. These findings underscore the need for tailored injury prevention strategies to optimize the health benefits of pickleball. Identified predictors will inform future injury prevention initiatives in pickleball.
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spelling doaj-art-acd8472fcaae453db508ea5b4ed2f70b2025-08-24T11:31:50ZengSpringerOpenSports Medicine - Open2198-97612025-08-0111111110.1186/s40798-025-00900-2Understanding Injury Patterns and Predictors in Pickleball Players: A Nationwide Study of 1,758 ParticipantsOluwatoyosi B.A. Owoeye0Ted Yemm1Ryan Blechle2Mitchell Wayne3Dawn Kennedy4Wassim Mourad5Katie Stamatakis6Timothy Howell7Translational Injury Prevention Lab, Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis UniversityPEAK Sport and SpineSSM Health-Select Physical TherapyTranslational Injury Prevention Lab, Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis UniversitySSM Health-Select Physical TherapyDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Saint Louis UniversityDepartment of Epidemiology, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis UniversityTranslational Injury Prevention Lab, Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis UniversityAbstract Background Despite pickleball’s rapid growth in the United States, research regarding the patterns and predictors of injuries remain sparse. Objectives To describe the prevalence and characteristics of injuries, including time-loss (stopping play for at least a day) and non-time-loss injuries, and evaluate the predictors of injuries in pickleball players. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. Pickleball players ≥ 18 years of age across the United States, who participated in pickleball at least once a month, were invited to take a pre-validated survey. The primary outcome was self-reported all-complaint injuries, including any physical complaints in the past 12 months. Results A total of 1,758 participants (mean age: 62.7 ± 13.0 years) were included in the final analysis. The 12-month prevalence of all-complaint injuries was 68.5% (95% CI: 66.3–70.7%), with time-loss injuries at 40.8% (95% CI: 38.5–43.1%) and non-time-loss injuries at 51.2% (95% CI: 49.4–54.1%). The point prevalence of pain/ongoing injuries was 35.9% (95% CI: 33.1–38.7%). The knee reported the highest injury prevalence (29.1%) followed by combined lower extremity regions of thigh, leg and foot (26.9%), shoulder (22.2%), back (19.9%) and elbow (18.4%). The top “most serious” injury types were overuse/chronic conditions (35.3%), joint/ligament sprains (23.8%), and muscle strains/pulls (20.7%). Based on a multivariable logistic regression, significant predictors of injury included male sex (OR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.07–1.65, p = 0.011), higher frequency of weekly play (OR: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.15–1.84, p = 0.002), fewer years (< 5 years) of play experience (OR: 1.50, 95%CI: 1.19–1.90, p = 0.001), low/moderate perception of injury prevention importance (OR: 2.02; 95%CI: 1.52–2.67, p < 0.001), and age categories ranging from 33 to 77 years (ORs ranging from 1.83 to 3.11, p ≤ 0.009). Neither increased duration of play nor higher body mass index significantly increased the odds of injury. Conclusions Injuries are common among pickleball players, with 69% experiencing at least one all-complaint injury annually, including two in five sustaining injuries that halt play and one in three continuing to play despite pain. These findings underscore the need for tailored injury prevention strategies to optimize the health benefits of pickleball. Identified predictors will inform future injury prevention initiatives in pickleball.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-025-00900-2Pickleball injuriesRisk factorsEpidemiologyPrevention
spellingShingle Oluwatoyosi B.A. Owoeye
Ted Yemm
Ryan Blechle
Mitchell Wayne
Dawn Kennedy
Wassim Mourad
Katie Stamatakis
Timothy Howell
Understanding Injury Patterns and Predictors in Pickleball Players: A Nationwide Study of 1,758 Participants
Sports Medicine - Open
Pickleball injuries
Risk factors
Epidemiology
Prevention
title Understanding Injury Patterns and Predictors in Pickleball Players: A Nationwide Study of 1,758 Participants
title_full Understanding Injury Patterns and Predictors in Pickleball Players: A Nationwide Study of 1,758 Participants
title_fullStr Understanding Injury Patterns and Predictors in Pickleball Players: A Nationwide Study of 1,758 Participants
title_full_unstemmed Understanding Injury Patterns and Predictors in Pickleball Players: A Nationwide Study of 1,758 Participants
title_short Understanding Injury Patterns and Predictors in Pickleball Players: A Nationwide Study of 1,758 Participants
title_sort understanding injury patterns and predictors in pickleball players a nationwide study of 1 758 participants
topic Pickleball injuries
Risk factors
Epidemiology
Prevention
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-025-00900-2
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