Quantifying extracellular vesicle heterogeneity: the effect of process conditions on protein cargo for skin therapy
Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain a variety of proteins with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that offer promising benefits in skin therapy applications. An influx of EV proteomic studies in recent years has created the opportunity for a detailed comparison of EV heterog...
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| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Stem Cell Research & Therapy |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04279-5 |
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| author | Michelle Combe Kathy Sharon Isaac Jordan R. Plews Stanislav Sokolenko |
| author_facet | Michelle Combe Kathy Sharon Isaac Jordan R. Plews Stanislav Sokolenko |
| author_sort | Michelle Combe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain a variety of proteins with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that offer promising benefits in skin therapy applications. An influx of EV proteomic studies in recent years has created the opportunity for a detailed comparison of EV heterogeneity between studies in the context of therapeutic applications. Although several process conditions are known to cause variability in EVs, little has been done to quantify the impact of these factors on the nature of EV protein cargo. This review aims to both compile publicly available EV proteomics data and quantitatively estimate. the impact of process conditions on protein cargo—particularly in the context of skin therapy applications. Of roughly 400 articles, 52 relevant proteomic studies were identified within the last 15 years. Across studies, 40% of the 13,000 observed proteins were identified in only a single study. EVs in general were found to be highly variable, with mixed effects models only able to account for 25–60% of variance when considering factors such as EV source, medium, isolation method, LC-MS ionization, and protein search algorithm. Overall, MSC-derived EVs contained a greater fraction of proteins within pathways associated with wound healing and skin therapy (immune system, hemostasis, extracellular matrix organization, and cellular response to stress) as well as the most number of unique proteins when compared to all other analysed EVs. Although EVs are a promising tool within skin therapeutics, the overall variability in protein cargo underscores the need for standardized methodologies to fully elucidate the impact of process conditions on EV cargo. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-acb2e9c386af4bcb88e1a6631e94099b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1757-6512 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Stem Cell Research & Therapy |
| spelling | doaj-art-acb2e9c386af4bcb88e1a6631e94099b2025-08-20T02:11:09ZengBMCStem Cell Research & Therapy1757-65122025-05-0116111610.1186/s13287-025-04279-5Quantifying extracellular vesicle heterogeneity: the effect of process conditions on protein cargo for skin therapyMichelle Combe0Kathy Sharon Isaac1Jordan R. Plews2Stanislav Sokolenko3Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie UniversityProcess Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie UniversityElevai Skincare IncProcess Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie UniversityAbstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain a variety of proteins with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that offer promising benefits in skin therapy applications. An influx of EV proteomic studies in recent years has created the opportunity for a detailed comparison of EV heterogeneity between studies in the context of therapeutic applications. Although several process conditions are known to cause variability in EVs, little has been done to quantify the impact of these factors on the nature of EV protein cargo. This review aims to both compile publicly available EV proteomics data and quantitatively estimate. the impact of process conditions on protein cargo—particularly in the context of skin therapy applications. Of roughly 400 articles, 52 relevant proteomic studies were identified within the last 15 years. Across studies, 40% of the 13,000 observed proteins were identified in only a single study. EVs in general were found to be highly variable, with mixed effects models only able to account for 25–60% of variance when considering factors such as EV source, medium, isolation method, LC-MS ionization, and protein search algorithm. Overall, MSC-derived EVs contained a greater fraction of proteins within pathways associated with wound healing and skin therapy (immune system, hemostasis, extracellular matrix organization, and cellular response to stress) as well as the most number of unique proteins when compared to all other analysed EVs. Although EVs are a promising tool within skin therapeutics, the overall variability in protein cargo underscores the need for standardized methodologies to fully elucidate the impact of process conditions on EV cargo.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04279-5Extracellular vesicleProteomicsStem cell |
| spellingShingle | Michelle Combe Kathy Sharon Isaac Jordan R. Plews Stanislav Sokolenko Quantifying extracellular vesicle heterogeneity: the effect of process conditions on protein cargo for skin therapy Stem Cell Research & Therapy Extracellular vesicle Proteomics Stem cell |
| title | Quantifying extracellular vesicle heterogeneity: the effect of process conditions on protein cargo for skin therapy |
| title_full | Quantifying extracellular vesicle heterogeneity: the effect of process conditions on protein cargo for skin therapy |
| title_fullStr | Quantifying extracellular vesicle heterogeneity: the effect of process conditions on protein cargo for skin therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantifying extracellular vesicle heterogeneity: the effect of process conditions on protein cargo for skin therapy |
| title_short | Quantifying extracellular vesicle heterogeneity: the effect of process conditions on protein cargo for skin therapy |
| title_sort | quantifying extracellular vesicle heterogeneity the effect of process conditions on protein cargo for skin therapy |
| topic | Extracellular vesicle Proteomics Stem cell |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04279-5 |
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