Association of dietary preferences with cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study
Background and aims: Susceptibility to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is driven by genetic and environmental risk factors. Diet is a modifiable and largely environmental risk factor for CVD. Genetic factors associated with a variety of dietary preferences revealed via recent genome-wide association st...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Atherosclerosis Plus |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667089525000094 |
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| author | Mia D. Lee Benjamin F. Voight |
| author_facet | Mia D. Lee Benjamin F. Voight |
| author_sort | Mia D. Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and aims: Susceptibility to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is driven by genetic and environmental risk factors. Diet is a modifiable and largely environmental risk factor for CVD. Genetic factors associated with a variety of dietary preferences revealed via recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) allow further investigate the role of diet in liability to disease that has been limited to observational and epidemiologic studies with mixed findings. Method: We obtained publicly available genome-wide association data for 38 dietary preference traits and seven common CVDs to investigate causal hypotheses between diet as the exposure to CVD as outcomes using the statistical framework of Mendelian randomization (MR) for hypothesis testing and sensitivity analyses. We also conducted mediation analyses to evaluate the effects of dietary preferences on CVDs to elucidate potential causal graphs and estimate the effects of dietary preferences mediated by potential mediators. Results: Across all methods, we identified 10 significant causal effects, which included eight dietary preferences across three CVD endpoints (Bonferroni-corrected P < 1.88 × 10−4). In sensitivity MR and mediation analysis, we observed that obesity - quantified by body mass index (BMI) - was a common mediator that contributed to many of these observed effects. We also found that educational attainment was an exclusive, additional mediator for the effect of preference for muesli with risk to peripheral artery disease (PAD). Conclusions: Our results provide genetic evidence for a link between diet and CVD that aligns with obesity-mediated risk of CVD in individuals in relation to their specific preferences for food. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-acb072fd307d4385bd7a1cc3cfd29317 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2667-0895 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atherosclerosis Plus |
| spelling | doaj-art-acb072fd307d4385bd7a1cc3cfd293172025-08-20T03:53:52ZengElsevierAtherosclerosis Plus2667-08952025-06-0160435010.1016/j.athplu.2025.04.002Association of dietary preferences with cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization studyMia D. Lee0Benjamin F. Voight1Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania – Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USADepartment of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania – Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania – Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania – Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA; Corresponding author. University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Room 10-126, 3400, Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.Background and aims: Susceptibility to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is driven by genetic and environmental risk factors. Diet is a modifiable and largely environmental risk factor for CVD. Genetic factors associated with a variety of dietary preferences revealed via recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) allow further investigate the role of diet in liability to disease that has been limited to observational and epidemiologic studies with mixed findings. Method: We obtained publicly available genome-wide association data for 38 dietary preference traits and seven common CVDs to investigate causal hypotheses between diet as the exposure to CVD as outcomes using the statistical framework of Mendelian randomization (MR) for hypothesis testing and sensitivity analyses. We also conducted mediation analyses to evaluate the effects of dietary preferences on CVDs to elucidate potential causal graphs and estimate the effects of dietary preferences mediated by potential mediators. Results: Across all methods, we identified 10 significant causal effects, which included eight dietary preferences across three CVD endpoints (Bonferroni-corrected P < 1.88 × 10−4). In sensitivity MR and mediation analysis, we observed that obesity - quantified by body mass index (BMI) - was a common mediator that contributed to many of these observed effects. We also found that educational attainment was an exclusive, additional mediator for the effect of preference for muesli with risk to peripheral artery disease (PAD). Conclusions: Our results provide genetic evidence for a link between diet and CVD that aligns with obesity-mediated risk of CVD in individuals in relation to their specific preferences for food.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667089525000094Cardiovascular diseaseDietNutritionBody mass indexObesity |
| spellingShingle | Mia D. Lee Benjamin F. Voight Association of dietary preferences with cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study Atherosclerosis Plus Cardiovascular disease Diet Nutrition Body mass index Obesity |
| title | Association of dietary preferences with cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study |
| title_full | Association of dietary preferences with cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study |
| title_fullStr | Association of dietary preferences with cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of dietary preferences with cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study |
| title_short | Association of dietary preferences with cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study |
| title_sort | association of dietary preferences with cardiovascular disease a mendelian randomization study |
| topic | Cardiovascular disease Diet Nutrition Body mass index Obesity |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667089525000094 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT miadlee associationofdietarypreferenceswithcardiovasculardiseaseamendelianrandomizationstudy AT benjaminfvoight associationofdietarypreferenceswithcardiovasculardiseaseamendelianrandomizationstudy |