Twentieth-century ecological disasters in central European monoculture pine plantations led to critical transitions in peatlands

<p>The frequency of extreme events worldwide is steadily increasing. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize the accompanying response of different ecosystems. Monoculture tree plantations with simplified ecosystem linkages in food webs are particularly vulnerable to catastrophic events like fir...

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Main Authors: M. Bąk, M. Lamentowicz, P. Kołaczek, D. Wochal, M. Jakubowicz, L. Andrews, K. Marcisz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2025-08-01
Series:Biogeosciences
Online Access:https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/3843/2025/bg-22-3843-2025.pdf
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author M. Bąk
M. Lamentowicz
P. Kołaczek
D. Wochal
M. Jakubowicz
L. Andrews
K. Marcisz
author_facet M. Bąk
M. Lamentowicz
P. Kołaczek
D. Wochal
M. Jakubowicz
L. Andrews
K. Marcisz
author_sort M. Bąk
collection DOAJ
description <p>The frequency of extreme events worldwide is steadily increasing. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize the accompanying response of different ecosystems. Monoculture tree plantations with simplified ecosystem linkages in food webs are particularly vulnerable to catastrophic events like fires, wind throws, droughts, and insect outbreaks. These events threaten forests and other associated ecosystems, including peatlands, which are extremely important in regulating the global carbon cycle and, thus, mitigating the effects of a warming climate. Here, we traced a 2000-year history of the Miały peatland, which is located in one of Poland's largest pine plantation complexes, and we examined how this peatland responded to some of the largest environmental disasters observed in the 20th century across central Europe: the 1922–1924 <i>Panolis flammea</i> outbreak and the 1992 fire. As a disturbance proxy, we used a multi-proxy palaeoecological analysis (plant macrofossils, testate amoebae, pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, and micro- and macrocharcoal) supported by a neodymium isotope record. We showed several critical transitions in the peatland associated with extreme events and anthropogenic impacts, which triggered significant changes in the peatland's ecological status.</p>
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 1726-4170
1726-4189
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
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series Biogeosciences
spelling doaj-art-acac397cb98e414299e85583b4f6bcc02025-08-20T04:02:22ZengCopernicus PublicationsBiogeosciences1726-41701726-41892025-08-01223843386610.5194/bg-22-3843-2025Twentieth-century ecological disasters in central European monoculture pine plantations led to critical transitions in peatlandsM. Bąk0M. Lamentowicz1P. Kołaczek2D. Wochal3M. Jakubowicz4L. Andrews5K. Marcisz6Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandClimate Change Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandClimate Change Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandClimate Change Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandIsotope Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandSchool of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United KingdomClimate Change Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland<p>The frequency of extreme events worldwide is steadily increasing. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize the accompanying response of different ecosystems. Monoculture tree plantations with simplified ecosystem linkages in food webs are particularly vulnerable to catastrophic events like fires, wind throws, droughts, and insect outbreaks. These events threaten forests and other associated ecosystems, including peatlands, which are extremely important in regulating the global carbon cycle and, thus, mitigating the effects of a warming climate. Here, we traced a 2000-year history of the Miały peatland, which is located in one of Poland's largest pine plantation complexes, and we examined how this peatland responded to some of the largest environmental disasters observed in the 20th century across central Europe: the 1922–1924 <i>Panolis flammea</i> outbreak and the 1992 fire. As a disturbance proxy, we used a multi-proxy palaeoecological analysis (plant macrofossils, testate amoebae, pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, and micro- and macrocharcoal) supported by a neodymium isotope record. We showed several critical transitions in the peatland associated with extreme events and anthropogenic impacts, which triggered significant changes in the peatland's ecological status.</p>https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/3843/2025/bg-22-3843-2025.pdf
spellingShingle M. Bąk
M. Lamentowicz
P. Kołaczek
D. Wochal
M. Jakubowicz
L. Andrews
K. Marcisz
Twentieth-century ecological disasters in central European monoculture pine plantations led to critical transitions in peatlands
Biogeosciences
title Twentieth-century ecological disasters in central European monoculture pine plantations led to critical transitions in peatlands
title_full Twentieth-century ecological disasters in central European monoculture pine plantations led to critical transitions in peatlands
title_fullStr Twentieth-century ecological disasters in central European monoculture pine plantations led to critical transitions in peatlands
title_full_unstemmed Twentieth-century ecological disasters in central European monoculture pine plantations led to critical transitions in peatlands
title_short Twentieth-century ecological disasters in central European monoculture pine plantations led to critical transitions in peatlands
title_sort twentieth century ecological disasters in central european monoculture pine plantations led to critical transitions in peatlands
url https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/3843/2025/bg-22-3843-2025.pdf
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