Apoptosis and genotoxicity effects of Zygophyllum album and Suaeda palaestina extracts on Ehrlich solid carcinoma in mice

Abstract Background Various medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds exhibited promising anticancer activities by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis, and modulating several signaling pathways in cancer cells. This study aims to assess whether two medicinal plant extracts have anticanc...

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Main Authors: Marwa M. El-Attar, Ekram S. Ahmad, Hedaya A. Kamel, Amal I. Hassan, Abdel-Fattah A. Awad, Fatthy M. Abdel-Tawab
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2024-10-01
Series:Bulletin of the National Research Centre
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-024-01257-4
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author Marwa M. El-Attar
Ekram S. Ahmad
Hedaya A. Kamel
Amal I. Hassan
Abdel-Fattah A. Awad
Fatthy M. Abdel-Tawab
author_facet Marwa M. El-Attar
Ekram S. Ahmad
Hedaya A. Kamel
Amal I. Hassan
Abdel-Fattah A. Awad
Fatthy M. Abdel-Tawab
author_sort Marwa M. El-Attar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Various medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds exhibited promising anticancer activities by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis, and modulating several signaling pathways in cancer cells. This study aims to assess whether two medicinal plant extracts have anticancer properties, Suaeda Palaestina and Zygophyllum album. Methods This study used Ehrlich solid tumor mice as its in vivo model. We divided male mice into five groups (n = 5 per group). Group I was used as a control for Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Groups 2 and 3 were given Z. album extract 180 mg/kg and 360 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. Groups 4 and 5 were given the same dose of S. palaestina and treated three times a week for 2 weeks, starting on day 10 after EAC implantation. After 3 weeks, we collected blood samples and thigh skeletal muscle, homogenized them, and processed them for analysis. The results showed that Ehrlich solid rats (EST) treated with low-dose dichloromethane extracts from Z. album and S. palaestina had significantly smaller tumor sizes than the control group. Protein expression levels of p53, caspase 3, and Bcl-2 were quantified by western blotting. Results The extracts from both plants induced the hunger mechanism, leading to increased expression of p53 and caspase 3 and decreased expression of Bcl-2 at the protein level in EST mice treated with Z. album and S. palaestina. In addition, the comet assay indicated that these plants have a genotoxic potential for solid tumor cells. The T3 and T4 levels in EST blood samples revealed that both plants had significantly reduced the concentration of T3 and significantly increased T4 compared to the EST mice untreated group. Furthermore, these results showed that Z. album and S. palaestina had antiproliferative effects in EST mice through apoptosis-mediated genotoxicity. Conclusions These findings indicated that S. palaestina and Z. album could be considered potential natural sources of anticancer agents.
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spelling doaj-art-aca9b0190cc249e5bf8bacd6a510ec4c2025-08-20T02:17:40ZengSpringerOpenBulletin of the National Research Centre2522-83072024-10-0148111110.1186/s42269-024-01257-4Apoptosis and genotoxicity effects of Zygophyllum album and Suaeda palaestina extracts on Ehrlich solid carcinoma in miceMarwa M. El-Attar0Ekram S. Ahmad1Hedaya A. Kamel2Amal I. Hassan3Abdel-Fattah A. Awad4Fatthy M. Abdel-Tawab5Radioisotopes Department, Atomic Energy AuthorityDepartment of Cell Biology, National Research CentreRadioisotopes Department, Atomic Energy AuthorityRadioisotopes Department, Atomic Energy AuthorityDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityAbstract Background Various medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds exhibited promising anticancer activities by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis, and modulating several signaling pathways in cancer cells. This study aims to assess whether two medicinal plant extracts have anticancer properties, Suaeda Palaestina and Zygophyllum album. Methods This study used Ehrlich solid tumor mice as its in vivo model. We divided male mice into five groups (n = 5 per group). Group I was used as a control for Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Groups 2 and 3 were given Z. album extract 180 mg/kg and 360 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. Groups 4 and 5 were given the same dose of S. palaestina and treated three times a week for 2 weeks, starting on day 10 after EAC implantation. After 3 weeks, we collected blood samples and thigh skeletal muscle, homogenized them, and processed them for analysis. The results showed that Ehrlich solid rats (EST) treated with low-dose dichloromethane extracts from Z. album and S. palaestina had significantly smaller tumor sizes than the control group. Protein expression levels of p53, caspase 3, and Bcl-2 were quantified by western blotting. Results The extracts from both plants induced the hunger mechanism, leading to increased expression of p53 and caspase 3 and decreased expression of Bcl-2 at the protein level in EST mice treated with Z. album and S. palaestina. In addition, the comet assay indicated that these plants have a genotoxic potential for solid tumor cells. The T3 and T4 levels in EST blood samples revealed that both plants had significantly reduced the concentration of T3 and significantly increased T4 compared to the EST mice untreated group. Furthermore, these results showed that Z. album and S. palaestina had antiproliferative effects in EST mice through apoptosis-mediated genotoxicity. Conclusions These findings indicated that S. palaestina and Z. album could be considered potential natural sources of anticancer agents.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-024-01257-4Ehrlich solid tumorMedicinal plantsSuaeda palaestinaAnticancer agentZygophyllum albumApoptotic genes
spellingShingle Marwa M. El-Attar
Ekram S. Ahmad
Hedaya A. Kamel
Amal I. Hassan
Abdel-Fattah A. Awad
Fatthy M. Abdel-Tawab
Apoptosis and genotoxicity effects of Zygophyllum album and Suaeda palaestina extracts on Ehrlich solid carcinoma in mice
Bulletin of the National Research Centre
Ehrlich solid tumor
Medicinal plants
Suaeda palaestina
Anticancer agent
Zygophyllum album
Apoptotic genes
title Apoptosis and genotoxicity effects of Zygophyllum album and Suaeda palaestina extracts on Ehrlich solid carcinoma in mice
title_full Apoptosis and genotoxicity effects of Zygophyllum album and Suaeda palaestina extracts on Ehrlich solid carcinoma in mice
title_fullStr Apoptosis and genotoxicity effects of Zygophyllum album and Suaeda palaestina extracts on Ehrlich solid carcinoma in mice
title_full_unstemmed Apoptosis and genotoxicity effects of Zygophyllum album and Suaeda palaestina extracts on Ehrlich solid carcinoma in mice
title_short Apoptosis and genotoxicity effects of Zygophyllum album and Suaeda palaestina extracts on Ehrlich solid carcinoma in mice
title_sort apoptosis and genotoxicity effects of zygophyllum album and suaeda palaestina extracts on ehrlich solid carcinoma in mice
topic Ehrlich solid tumor
Medicinal plants
Suaeda palaestina
Anticancer agent
Zygophyllum album
Apoptotic genes
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-024-01257-4
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