Quantitative Analysis of Bound Water Content in Marine Clay and Its Influencing Factors During the Freezing Process by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

The change in bound water content with temperature is a core issue in studying temperature effects in clayey soils. This study used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to measure pore water in three types of marine clay, ranging from inland to coastal areas. The <i>T</i><sub&g...

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Main Authors: Xuehan Shan, Huie Chen, Chuqiao Meng, Zuojun Lv, Qingbo Yu, Zhaoxi Wang, Qing Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/3/546
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author Xuehan Shan
Huie Chen
Chuqiao Meng
Zuojun Lv
Qingbo Yu
Zhaoxi Wang
Qing Wang
author_facet Xuehan Shan
Huie Chen
Chuqiao Meng
Zuojun Lv
Qingbo Yu
Zhaoxi Wang
Qing Wang
author_sort Xuehan Shan
collection DOAJ
description The change in bound water content with temperature is a core issue in studying temperature effects in clayey soils. This study used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to measure pore water in three types of marine clay, ranging from inland to coastal areas. The <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> cutoff values were proposed to distinguish between bulk water, capillary water, and bound water, and the curves of unfrozen water and bound water content with changing temperatures were obtained during the freezing process. Additionally, the impact of soil properties on bound water content was analyzed. The research findings indicated that the pore water in marine clay is dominated by bound water, and the change in bound water content with temperature in each soil layer can be divided into four stages: the trace phase change stage, the intense phase change stage, the transitional phase change stage, and the stabilizing stage. Further, the effect of soil properties such as organic matter content, soluble salt content, and cation exchange capacity on bound water content was illustrated, and clay content and bound water content were found not to be strictly positively correlated.
format Article
id doaj-art-aca7e7c232e54c549f73c507397efa4c
institution DOAJ
issn 2077-1312
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
spelling doaj-art-aca7e7c232e54c549f73c507397efa4c2025-08-20T02:42:34ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-03-0113354610.3390/jmse13030546Quantitative Analysis of Bound Water Content in Marine Clay and Its Influencing Factors During the Freezing Process by Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceXuehan Shan0Huie Chen1Chuqiao Meng2Zuojun Lv3Qingbo Yu4Zhaoxi Wang5Qing Wang6College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, ChinaCollege of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150090, ChinaPower China Northwest Survey Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710065, ChinaCollege of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, ChinaCollege of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, ChinaCollege of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, ChinaThe change in bound water content with temperature is a core issue in studying temperature effects in clayey soils. This study used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to measure pore water in three types of marine clay, ranging from inland to coastal areas. The <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> cutoff values were proposed to distinguish between bulk water, capillary water, and bound water, and the curves of unfrozen water and bound water content with changing temperatures were obtained during the freezing process. Additionally, the impact of soil properties on bound water content was analyzed. The research findings indicated that the pore water in marine clay is dominated by bound water, and the change in bound water content with temperature in each soil layer can be divided into four stages: the trace phase change stage, the intense phase change stage, the transitional phase change stage, and the stabilizing stage. Further, the effect of soil properties such as organic matter content, soluble salt content, and cation exchange capacity on bound water content was illustrated, and clay content and bound water content were found not to be strictly positively correlated.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/3/546nuclear magnetic resonancebound water<i>T</i><sub>2</sub> cutoff valueclay contentmicrostructure
spellingShingle Xuehan Shan
Huie Chen
Chuqiao Meng
Zuojun Lv
Qingbo Yu
Zhaoxi Wang
Qing Wang
Quantitative Analysis of Bound Water Content in Marine Clay and Its Influencing Factors During the Freezing Process by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
nuclear magnetic resonance
bound water
<i>T</i><sub>2</sub> cutoff value
clay content
microstructure
title Quantitative Analysis of Bound Water Content in Marine Clay and Its Influencing Factors During the Freezing Process by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
title_full Quantitative Analysis of Bound Water Content in Marine Clay and Its Influencing Factors During the Freezing Process by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
title_fullStr Quantitative Analysis of Bound Water Content in Marine Clay and Its Influencing Factors During the Freezing Process by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
title_full_unstemmed Quantitative Analysis of Bound Water Content in Marine Clay and Its Influencing Factors During the Freezing Process by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
title_short Quantitative Analysis of Bound Water Content in Marine Clay and Its Influencing Factors During the Freezing Process by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
title_sort quantitative analysis of bound water content in marine clay and its influencing factors during the freezing process by nuclear magnetic resonance
topic nuclear magnetic resonance
bound water
<i>T</i><sub>2</sub> cutoff value
clay content
microstructure
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/3/546
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AT chuqiaomeng quantitativeanalysisofboundwatercontentinmarineclayanditsinfluencingfactorsduringthefreezingprocessbynuclearmagneticresonance
AT zuojunlv quantitativeanalysisofboundwatercontentinmarineclayanditsinfluencingfactorsduringthefreezingprocessbynuclearmagneticresonance
AT qingboyu quantitativeanalysisofboundwatercontentinmarineclayanditsinfluencingfactorsduringthefreezingprocessbynuclearmagneticresonance
AT zhaoxiwang quantitativeanalysisofboundwatercontentinmarineclayanditsinfluencingfactorsduringthefreezingprocessbynuclearmagneticresonance
AT qingwang quantitativeanalysisofboundwatercontentinmarineclayanditsinfluencingfactorsduringthefreezingprocessbynuclearmagneticresonance