Purification of Intensive Shrimp Farming Effluent by <i>Gracilaria</i> Coupled with Oysters
In this study, we explored the ability of <i>Gracilaria vermiculophylla</i> coupled with <i>Crassostrea hongkongensis</i> to purify aquaculture effluent by analysing the purification of intensive shrimp farming effluent using <i>G. vermiculophylla</i> under differ...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Junjing Li Yu Xu Yunlong Deng Xiaojuan Hu Haochang Su Guoliang Wen Yucheng Cao |
| author_facet | Junjing Li Yu Xu Yunlong Deng Xiaojuan Hu Haochang Su Guoliang Wen Yucheng Cao |
| author_sort | Junjing Li |
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| description | In this study, we explored the ability of <i>Gracilaria vermiculophylla</i> coupled with <i>Crassostrea hongkongensis</i> to purify aquaculture effluent by analysing the purification of intensive shrimp farming effluent using <i>G. vermiculophylla</i> under different environmental conditions. After determining the optimal conditions, we further investigated the capability of the <i>G. vermiculophylla</i> and oyster coupling in intensive shrimp farming effluent purification. The shrimp farming density was 200 individuals per cubic metre (equivalent to 0.2 individuals per litre). The optimal environmental parameters were as follows: oyster biomass of 4.5 kg·m<sup>−3</sup>, <i>G. vermiculophylla</i> biomass of 2 kg·m<sup>−3</sup>, water temperature of 25–30 °C, and salinity of 15–30‰; the total inorganic nitrogen, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>-P, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus removal rates were 59.56%, 97.43%, 63.67%, and 76.25%, respectively, with <i>G. vermiculophylla</i> increasing in weight by 31.01%. For every 1 kg increase in the dry weight of <i>G. vermiculophylla</i>, 36.89 g of N and 12.40 g of P could be absorbed from the effluent. Our findings indicate that the coupling of <i>G. vermiculophylla</i> with oysters greatly contributed to the purification of effluent from intensive shrimp farming and can, thus, be used for treating intensive shrimp farming effluent. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Fishes |
| spelling | doaj-art-aca265ba43f144d6918173d716f8bbe02025-08-20T02:17:14ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882025-04-0110417910.3390/fishes10040179Purification of Intensive Shrimp Farming Effluent by <i>Gracilaria</i> Coupled with OystersJunjing Li0Yu Xu1Yunlong Deng2Xiaojuan Hu3Haochang Su4Guoliang Wen5Yucheng Cao6College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaSouth China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, ChinaCollege of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaSouth China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, ChinaSouth China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, ChinaCollege of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaIn this study, we explored the ability of <i>Gracilaria vermiculophylla</i> coupled with <i>Crassostrea hongkongensis</i> to purify aquaculture effluent by analysing the purification of intensive shrimp farming effluent using <i>G. vermiculophylla</i> under different environmental conditions. After determining the optimal conditions, we further investigated the capability of the <i>G. vermiculophylla</i> and oyster coupling in intensive shrimp farming effluent purification. The shrimp farming density was 200 individuals per cubic metre (equivalent to 0.2 individuals per litre). The optimal environmental parameters were as follows: oyster biomass of 4.5 kg·m<sup>−3</sup>, <i>G. vermiculophylla</i> biomass of 2 kg·m<sup>−3</sup>, water temperature of 25–30 °C, and salinity of 15–30‰; the total inorganic nitrogen, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>-P, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus removal rates were 59.56%, 97.43%, 63.67%, and 76.25%, respectively, with <i>G. vermiculophylla</i> increasing in weight by 31.01%. For every 1 kg increase in the dry weight of <i>G. vermiculophylla</i>, 36.89 g of N and 12.40 g of P could be absorbed from the effluent. Our findings indicate that the coupling of <i>G. vermiculophylla</i> with oysters greatly contributed to the purification of effluent from intensive shrimp farming and can, thus, be used for treating intensive shrimp farming effluent.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/4/179sustainabilitypurification<i>macroalgae</i><i>Crassostrea hongkongensis</i> |
| spellingShingle | Junjing Li Yu Xu Yunlong Deng Xiaojuan Hu Haochang Su Guoliang Wen Yucheng Cao Purification of Intensive Shrimp Farming Effluent by <i>Gracilaria</i> Coupled with Oysters Fishes sustainability purification <i>macroalgae</i> <i>Crassostrea hongkongensis</i> |
| title | Purification of Intensive Shrimp Farming Effluent by <i>Gracilaria</i> Coupled with Oysters |
| title_full | Purification of Intensive Shrimp Farming Effluent by <i>Gracilaria</i> Coupled with Oysters |
| title_fullStr | Purification of Intensive Shrimp Farming Effluent by <i>Gracilaria</i> Coupled with Oysters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Purification of Intensive Shrimp Farming Effluent by <i>Gracilaria</i> Coupled with Oysters |
| title_short | Purification of Intensive Shrimp Farming Effluent by <i>Gracilaria</i> Coupled with Oysters |
| title_sort | purification of intensive shrimp farming effluent by i gracilaria i coupled with oysters |
| topic | sustainability purification <i>macroalgae</i> <i>Crassostrea hongkongensis</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/4/179 |
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