Dynamical constraints on pseudo-gauge transformations
Classical pseudo-gauge transformations are discussed in the context of hydrodynamic models of heavy-ion collisions. A decomposition of the pseudo-gauge transformation into Lorentz-invariant tensors is made, which allows for better interpretation of its physical consequences. For pseudo-gauge transfo...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Physics Letters B |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269325000048 |
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| author | Zbigniew Drogosz Wojciech Florkowski Mykhailo Hontarenko Radoslaw Ryblewski |
| author_facet | Zbigniew Drogosz Wojciech Florkowski Mykhailo Hontarenko Radoslaw Ryblewski |
| author_sort | Zbigniew Drogosz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Classical pseudo-gauge transformations are discussed in the context of hydrodynamic models of heavy-ion collisions. A decomposition of the pseudo-gauge transformation into Lorentz-invariant tensors is made, which allows for better interpretation of its physical consequences. For pseudo-gauge transformations connecting two symmetric energy-momentum tensors, we find that the super-potential Φλμν must obey a conservation law of the form ∂λΦλμν=0. This equation, referred to below as the STS condition, represents a constraint that is hardly possible to be satisfied for tensors constructed out of the basic hydrodynamic variables such as temperature, baryon chemical potential, and the hydrodynamic flow. However, in a special case of the boost-invariant flow, the STS condition is automatically fulfilled and a non-trivial residual pseudo-gauge transformation defined by a single scalar field is allowed. In this case the bulk and shear viscosity coefficients become pseudo-gauge dependent; however, their specific linear combination appearing in the equations of motion remains pseudo-gauge invariant. This finding provides new insights into the role of pseudo-gauge transformations and pseudo-gauge invariance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-aca0752de82c4e9fbae416a43ef4967a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0370-2693 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Physics Letters B |
| spelling | doaj-art-aca0752de82c4e9fbae416a43ef4967a2025-02-10T04:33:52ZengElsevierPhysics Letters B0370-26932025-02-01861139244Dynamical constraints on pseudo-gauge transformationsZbigniew Drogosz0Wojciech Florkowski1Mykhailo Hontarenko2Radoslaw Ryblewski3Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, 30-348, Poland; Corresponding author.Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, 30-348, PolandInstitute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, 30-348, PolandInstitute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, 31-342, PolandClassical pseudo-gauge transformations are discussed in the context of hydrodynamic models of heavy-ion collisions. A decomposition of the pseudo-gauge transformation into Lorentz-invariant tensors is made, which allows for better interpretation of its physical consequences. For pseudo-gauge transformations connecting two symmetric energy-momentum tensors, we find that the super-potential Φλμν must obey a conservation law of the form ∂λΦλμν=0. This equation, referred to below as the STS condition, represents a constraint that is hardly possible to be satisfied for tensors constructed out of the basic hydrodynamic variables such as temperature, baryon chemical potential, and the hydrodynamic flow. However, in a special case of the boost-invariant flow, the STS condition is automatically fulfilled and a non-trivial residual pseudo-gauge transformation defined by a single scalar field is allowed. In this case the bulk and shear viscosity coefficients become pseudo-gauge dependent; however, their specific linear combination appearing in the equations of motion remains pseudo-gauge invariant. This finding provides new insights into the role of pseudo-gauge transformations and pseudo-gauge invariance.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269325000048Relativistic dissipative hydrodynamicsEnergy-momentum tensorPseudo-gauge transformations |
| spellingShingle | Zbigniew Drogosz Wojciech Florkowski Mykhailo Hontarenko Radoslaw Ryblewski Dynamical constraints on pseudo-gauge transformations Physics Letters B Relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics Energy-momentum tensor Pseudo-gauge transformations |
| title | Dynamical constraints on pseudo-gauge transformations |
| title_full | Dynamical constraints on pseudo-gauge transformations |
| title_fullStr | Dynamical constraints on pseudo-gauge transformations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamical constraints on pseudo-gauge transformations |
| title_short | Dynamical constraints on pseudo-gauge transformations |
| title_sort | dynamical constraints on pseudo gauge transformations |
| topic | Relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics Energy-momentum tensor Pseudo-gauge transformations |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269325000048 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zbigniewdrogosz dynamicalconstraintsonpseudogaugetransformations AT wojciechflorkowski dynamicalconstraintsonpseudogaugetransformations AT mykhailohontarenko dynamicalconstraintsonpseudogaugetransformations AT radoslawryblewski dynamicalconstraintsonpseudogaugetransformations |