Anxiety and Depression Among Female Workers in the Formal And Informal Sectors After the Covid-19 Pandemic

After the pandemic, women in both formal and informal sectors found themselves at home, balancing work and domestic responsibilities. In addition to their jobs, they took on the role of primary caregivers, assisting their children with home learning while managing household tasks. This dual burden...

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Main Authors: Fatmawaty Mallapiang, Nurhayati, Ranti Ekasari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Social Medicine Publication Group 2025-05-01
Series:Social Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.socialmedicine.info/index.php/socialmedicine/article/view/1913
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author Fatmawaty Mallapiang
Nurhayati
Ranti Ekasari
author_facet Fatmawaty Mallapiang
Nurhayati
Ranti Ekasari
author_sort Fatmawaty Mallapiang
collection DOAJ
description After the pandemic, women in both formal and informal sectors found themselves at home, balancing work and domestic responsibilities. In addition to their jobs, they took on the role of primary caregivers, assisting their children with home learning while managing household tasks. This dual burden has led many women to experience psychological challenges, such as anxiety and depression. This study aimed to assess the levels of anxiety and depression among women working in both the formal and informal sectors, and to identify factors potentially related to these mental health issues.The research employed a quantitative, cross-sectional study design, with primary data collected between September 10 and October 10, 2021. The participants were women working in the formal sector (e.g., office workers) and the informal sector (e.g., traders, tailors, etc.) across fourteen sub-districts in Makassar. A total of 100 women were included in the sample, selected through purposive sampling.The results showed that most respondents had normal levels of anxiety and depression. The study found a significant correlation between the length of employment and anxiety levels among formal sector workers, but no significant correlation with depression levels or other factors. This suggests that both anxiety and depression are common among working women, who face the added challenge of balancing family and work responsibilities.
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spelling doaj-art-ac8e12266ae64abdadcd88c22a62ebe82025-08-20T02:56:20ZengSocial Medicine Publication GroupSocial Medicine1557-71122025-05-0118210.71164/socialmedicine.v18i2.2025.1913Anxiety and Depression Among Female Workers in the Formal And Informal Sectors After the Covid-19 PandemicFatmawaty Mallapiang0Nurhayati1Ranti Ekasari2Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin MakassarPublic Health Department, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia.Public Health Department, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia. After the pandemic, women in both formal and informal sectors found themselves at home, balancing work and domestic responsibilities. In addition to their jobs, they took on the role of primary caregivers, assisting their children with home learning while managing household tasks. This dual burden has led many women to experience psychological challenges, such as anxiety and depression. This study aimed to assess the levels of anxiety and depression among women working in both the formal and informal sectors, and to identify factors potentially related to these mental health issues.The research employed a quantitative, cross-sectional study design, with primary data collected between September 10 and October 10, 2021. The participants were women working in the formal sector (e.g., office workers) and the informal sector (e.g., traders, tailors, etc.) across fourteen sub-districts in Makassar. A total of 100 women were included in the sample, selected through purposive sampling.The results showed that most respondents had normal levels of anxiety and depression. The study found a significant correlation between the length of employment and anxiety levels among formal sector workers, but no significant correlation with depression levels or other factors. This suggests that both anxiety and depression are common among working women, who face the added challenge of balancing family and work responsibilities. https://www.socialmedicine.info/index.php/socialmedicine/article/view/1913Depressionanxietyfemale workers
spellingShingle Fatmawaty Mallapiang
Nurhayati
Ranti Ekasari
Anxiety and Depression Among Female Workers in the Formal And Informal Sectors After the Covid-19 Pandemic
Social Medicine
Depression
anxiety
female workers
title Anxiety and Depression Among Female Workers in the Formal And Informal Sectors After the Covid-19 Pandemic
title_full Anxiety and Depression Among Female Workers in the Formal And Informal Sectors After the Covid-19 Pandemic
title_fullStr Anxiety and Depression Among Female Workers in the Formal And Informal Sectors After the Covid-19 Pandemic
title_full_unstemmed Anxiety and Depression Among Female Workers in the Formal And Informal Sectors After the Covid-19 Pandemic
title_short Anxiety and Depression Among Female Workers in the Formal And Informal Sectors After the Covid-19 Pandemic
title_sort anxiety and depression among female workers in the formal and informal sectors after the covid 19 pandemic
topic Depression
anxiety
female workers
url https://www.socialmedicine.info/index.php/socialmedicine/article/view/1913
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AT nurhayati anxietyanddepressionamongfemaleworkersintheformalandinformalsectorsafterthecovid19pandemic
AT rantiekasari anxietyanddepressionamongfemaleworkersintheformalandinformalsectorsafterthecovid19pandemic