CURRENT AND HISTORICAL USE OF ALPHA‐CHLORALOSE ON WILD TURKEYS

Abstract: Alpha‐chloralose (AC) has been used as an anesthetic since 1897 to capture or sedate wildlife, including waterfowl, wood‐pigeon (Columba palumbus), and black bear (Ursus americana). The first use of AC in the United States was for the capture of house sparrows (Passer domesticus), red‐wing...

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Main Authors: David L. Bergman, Brian F. Wakeling, Timothy B. Veenendaal, John D. Eisemann, Thomas W. Seamans
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2005-01-01
Series:Wildlife Society Bulletin
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2328-5540.2005.tb00292.x
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author David L. Bergman
Brian F. Wakeling
Timothy B. Veenendaal
John D. Eisemann
Thomas W. Seamans
author_facet David L. Bergman
Brian F. Wakeling
Timothy B. Veenendaal
John D. Eisemann
Thomas W. Seamans
author_sort David L. Bergman
collection DOAJ
description Abstract: Alpha‐chloralose (AC) has been used as an anesthetic since 1897 to capture or sedate wildlife, including waterfowl, wood‐pigeon (Columba palumbus), and black bear (Ursus americana). The first use of AC in the United States was for the capture of house sparrows (Passer domesticus), red‐winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), and wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in 1964. Prior to the 1990s, AC was not registered by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as an immobilizing agent in the United States for wild animals that might be used for human consumption. In 1992, the FDA granted the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Wildlife Services (WS) an Investigative New Animal Drug for AC to capture waterfowl, American coots (Fulica americana), and pigeons (rock doves, Columba livia). During the late 1990s, ravens (Corvus corax) were added the species list on which AC could be used. In 2004, the FDA authorized the addition of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) to the list. Knowing that AC had been used on turkeys, the Arizona Game and Fish Department requested WS assistance in reintroducing Gould's turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo mexicana) to southeastern Arizona. To reduce stress on the birds during handling and testing, we sedated turkeys at the rate of 2.04 g of AC per 1 cup of cracked corn for up to 3 turkeys. In 2003 and 2004, wild turkeys were sedated during quarantine trials, fully recovered from the sedation and were available for relocation. Based on these data and a review of the published literature, we recommend that AC should be considered for future sedations of wild turkeys and that wild turkeys be considered for inclusion on the current Investigative New Animal Drug (INAD) label for AC.
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spelling doaj-art-ac70ea4396904e59b773f590ea25da532025-08-20T02:05:24ZengWileyWildlife Society Bulletin2328-55402005-01-012005S1515710.1002/j.2328-5540.2005.tb00292.xCURRENT AND HISTORICAL USE OF ALPHA‐CHLORALOSE ON WILD TURKEYSDavid L. Bergman0Brian F. Wakeling1Timothy B. Veenendaal2John D. Eisemann3Thomas W. Seamans4US Department of AgricultureAnimal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services8836 N 23 Avenue, Suite 2PhoenixAZ85021USAArizona Game and Fish DepartmentGame Branch, 2221 West Greenway RoadPhoenixAZ85023USAUS Department of AgricultureAnimal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services8836 N 23 Avenue, Suite 2PhoenixAZ85021USAUS Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceWildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research Center4101 LaPorte AvenueFort CollinsCO80521USAUS Department of AgricultureAnimal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research Center% Plum Brook Station, 6100, Columbus AvenueSanduskyOH44870USAAbstract: Alpha‐chloralose (AC) has been used as an anesthetic since 1897 to capture or sedate wildlife, including waterfowl, wood‐pigeon (Columba palumbus), and black bear (Ursus americana). The first use of AC in the United States was for the capture of house sparrows (Passer domesticus), red‐winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), and wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in 1964. Prior to the 1990s, AC was not registered by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as an immobilizing agent in the United States for wild animals that might be used for human consumption. In 1992, the FDA granted the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Wildlife Services (WS) an Investigative New Animal Drug for AC to capture waterfowl, American coots (Fulica americana), and pigeons (rock doves, Columba livia). During the late 1990s, ravens (Corvus corax) were added the species list on which AC could be used. In 2004, the FDA authorized the addition of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) to the list. Knowing that AC had been used on turkeys, the Arizona Game and Fish Department requested WS assistance in reintroducing Gould's turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo mexicana) to southeastern Arizona. To reduce stress on the birds during handling and testing, we sedated turkeys at the rate of 2.04 g of AC per 1 cup of cracked corn for up to 3 turkeys. In 2003 and 2004, wild turkeys were sedated during quarantine trials, fully recovered from the sedation and were available for relocation. Based on these data and a review of the published literature, we recommend that AC should be considered for future sedations of wild turkeys and that wild turkeys be considered for inclusion on the current Investigative New Animal Drug (INAD) label for AC.https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2328-5540.2005.tb00292.xalpha‐chloraloseanesthesiaArizonachloralosedrugGould's wild turkey
spellingShingle David L. Bergman
Brian F. Wakeling
Timothy B. Veenendaal
John D. Eisemann
Thomas W. Seamans
CURRENT AND HISTORICAL USE OF ALPHA‐CHLORALOSE ON WILD TURKEYS
Wildlife Society Bulletin
alpha‐chloralose
anesthesia
Arizona
chloralose
drug
Gould's wild turkey
title CURRENT AND HISTORICAL USE OF ALPHA‐CHLORALOSE ON WILD TURKEYS
title_full CURRENT AND HISTORICAL USE OF ALPHA‐CHLORALOSE ON WILD TURKEYS
title_fullStr CURRENT AND HISTORICAL USE OF ALPHA‐CHLORALOSE ON WILD TURKEYS
title_full_unstemmed CURRENT AND HISTORICAL USE OF ALPHA‐CHLORALOSE ON WILD TURKEYS
title_short CURRENT AND HISTORICAL USE OF ALPHA‐CHLORALOSE ON WILD TURKEYS
title_sort current and historical use of alpha chloralose on wild turkeys
topic alpha‐chloralose
anesthesia
Arizona
chloralose
drug
Gould's wild turkey
url https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2328-5540.2005.tb00292.x
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AT johndeisemann currentandhistoricaluseofalphachloraloseonwildturkeys
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