Technical-economical-environmental assessment of grid-connected hybrid renewable energy power system for Gaza Strip-palestine
The Gaza Strip, located in Palestine, suffers from chronic energy shortages caused by ongoing political instability, which has severely damaged its electricity infrastructure. This study explores the feasibility of integrating high levels of renewable energy into Gaza’s power system via a hybrid on-...
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215098625001752 |
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| author | Hala J. El‐Khozondar Rifa J. EL-Khozondar Yasser F. Nassar Fady El-Batta |
| author_facet | Hala J. El‐Khozondar Rifa J. EL-Khozondar Yasser F. Nassar Fady El-Batta |
| author_sort | Hala J. El‐Khozondar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Gaza Strip, located in Palestine, suffers from chronic energy shortages caused by ongoing political instability, which has severely damaged its electricity infrastructure. This study explores the feasibility of integrating high levels of renewable energy into Gaza’s power system via a hybrid on-grid configuration. The research aligns with UN SDG-7, aiming to provide affordable, clean energy to all nations, and evaluates multiple criteria, including economic, environmental, energy security, and technical factors. Using the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) simulation tool, various grid-connected scenarios were assessed to minimize the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), Net Present Cost (NPC), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The findings reveal an optimized hybrid energy system comprising photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines, a biomass generator, a geothermal generator, and a sea wave (hydropower) system. The energy contribution from each source is as follows: 48.5 % from PV, 23.2 % from wind, 19.5 % from hydropower, 0.34 % from biogas, 0.0233 % from geothermal, and 8.44 % from grid purchases. Notably, 45.6 % of the system’s electricity can be sold back to the utility grid. The system reaches a peak capacity of 2,190.208 MW and meets a daily consumption of 17,874.430 MWh, while reducing annual fuel consumption from 1,311 m3 to 672 m3. Economically, the system achieves a Levelized Cost of Energy of $0.034/kWh, with a Net Present Cost of $2.86 billion, annual savings of $358 million, and a payback period of 6 years. Environmentally, the system cuts CO2 emissions by 52 %, reducing emissions from 703,264 tonnes/year to 399,872 tonnes/year, highlighting its strong sustainability potential. This study represents the first comprehensive application of HOMER to design a renewable energy system capable of supplying the entire urban load in Gaza, expanding on previous efforts that were limited to rural or remote areas. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ac692a895fcc4eb4aab635541b59ae12 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2215-0986 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-ac692a895fcc4eb4aab635541b59ae122025-08-20T03:35:47ZengElsevierEngineering Science and Technology, an International Journal2215-09862025-09-016910212010.1016/j.jestch.2025.102120Technical-economical-environmental assessment of grid-connected hybrid renewable energy power system for Gaza Strip-palestineHala J. El‐Khozondar0Rifa J. EL-Khozondar1Yasser F. Nassar2Fady El-Batta3Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine; Corresponding author.Physics Department, Al-Aqsa University, Gaza, PalestineMechanical Engineering Department, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, PalestineElectrical Appliances Department, Ministry of Health, PalestineThe Gaza Strip, located in Palestine, suffers from chronic energy shortages caused by ongoing political instability, which has severely damaged its electricity infrastructure. This study explores the feasibility of integrating high levels of renewable energy into Gaza’s power system via a hybrid on-grid configuration. The research aligns with UN SDG-7, aiming to provide affordable, clean energy to all nations, and evaluates multiple criteria, including economic, environmental, energy security, and technical factors. Using the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) simulation tool, various grid-connected scenarios were assessed to minimize the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), Net Present Cost (NPC), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The findings reveal an optimized hybrid energy system comprising photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines, a biomass generator, a geothermal generator, and a sea wave (hydropower) system. The energy contribution from each source is as follows: 48.5 % from PV, 23.2 % from wind, 19.5 % from hydropower, 0.34 % from biogas, 0.0233 % from geothermal, and 8.44 % from grid purchases. Notably, 45.6 % of the system’s electricity can be sold back to the utility grid. The system reaches a peak capacity of 2,190.208 MW and meets a daily consumption of 17,874.430 MWh, while reducing annual fuel consumption from 1,311 m3 to 672 m3. Economically, the system achieves a Levelized Cost of Energy of $0.034/kWh, with a Net Present Cost of $2.86 billion, annual savings of $358 million, and a payback period of 6 years. Environmentally, the system cuts CO2 emissions by 52 %, reducing emissions from 703,264 tonnes/year to 399,872 tonnes/year, highlighting its strong sustainability potential. This study represents the first comprehensive application of HOMER to design a renewable energy system capable of supplying the entire urban load in Gaza, expanding on previous efforts that were limited to rural or remote areas.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215098625001752Gaza StripHybrid energy systemWind energySolar energyGeothermal energyHOMER |
| spellingShingle | Hala J. El‐Khozondar Rifa J. EL-Khozondar Yasser F. Nassar Fady El-Batta Technical-economical-environmental assessment of grid-connected hybrid renewable energy power system for Gaza Strip-palestine Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal Gaza Strip Hybrid energy system Wind energy Solar energy Geothermal energy HOMER |
| title | Technical-economical-environmental assessment of grid-connected hybrid renewable energy power system for Gaza Strip-palestine |
| title_full | Technical-economical-environmental assessment of grid-connected hybrid renewable energy power system for Gaza Strip-palestine |
| title_fullStr | Technical-economical-environmental assessment of grid-connected hybrid renewable energy power system for Gaza Strip-palestine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Technical-economical-environmental assessment of grid-connected hybrid renewable energy power system for Gaza Strip-palestine |
| title_short | Technical-economical-environmental assessment of grid-connected hybrid renewable energy power system for Gaza Strip-palestine |
| title_sort | technical economical environmental assessment of grid connected hybrid renewable energy power system for gaza strip palestine |
| topic | Gaza Strip Hybrid energy system Wind energy Solar energy Geothermal energy HOMER |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215098625001752 |
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