Morning versus Nocturnal Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability Responses to Intensified Training in Recreational Runners
Abstract Background Resting heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) are widely used parameters to assess cardiac autonomic nervous system function noninvasively. While resting assessments can be performed during sleep or after awakening, it would be relevant to know how interchangeable the results...
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SpringerOpen
2024-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-024-00779-5 |
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| author | Olli-Pekka Nuuttila Heikki Kyröläinen Veli-Pekka Kokkonen Arja Uusitalo |
| author_facet | Olli-Pekka Nuuttila Heikki Kyröläinen Veli-Pekka Kokkonen Arja Uusitalo |
| author_sort | Olli-Pekka Nuuttila |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Resting heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) are widely used parameters to assess cardiac autonomic nervous system function noninvasively. While resting assessments can be performed during sleep or after awakening, it would be relevant to know how interchangeable the results of these measurements are. This study aimed at examining the alignment between nocturnal and morning assessments during regular endurance training and in response to intensive training. A total of 24 recreational runners performed a 3-week baseline period (BL) and a 2-week overload (OL) period (Lucia’s training impulse + 80%). Their running performance was assessed with a 3000-m running test after the BL and OL. The participants recorded daily their nocturnal HR and HRV (the natural logarithm of the root mean square of successive differences; LnRMSSD) with a photoplethysmography-based wrist device and performed an orthostatic test (2-min supine, 2-min standing) every morning with a chest-strap HR sensor. The HR and LnRMSSD segments that were analyzed from the nocturnal recordings included start value (SleepStart), end value (SleepEnd), first 4-h segment 30 min after detected sleep onset (Sleep4h), and full sleep time (SleepFull). The morning segments consisted of the last-minute average in both body positions. All segments were compared at BL and in response to the 3000-m test and OL. Results All nocturnal HR and LnRMSSD segments correlated with supine and standing segments at BL (r = 0.42 to 0.91, p < 0.05). After the 3000-m test, the HR increased and LnRMSSD decreased only in the SleepStart, Sleep4h, and SleepFull segments (p < 0.05). In response to the OL, the standing HR decreased (p < 0.01), while the LnRMSSD increased (p < 0.05) in all segments except for SleepStart. The Pearson correlations between relative changes in nocturnal and morning segments were − 0.11 to 0.72 (3000-m) and − 0.25 to 0.79 (OL). The OL response in Sleep4h HR and LnRMSSD correlated with the relative change in 3000-m time (r = 0.63, p = 0.001 and r=-0.50, p = 0.013, respectively). Conclusions Nocturnal and morning HR and LnRMSSD correlated moderately or highly in the majority of cases during the BL, but their responses to intensive training were not similarly aligned, especially in LnRMSSD. The nocturnal segments seemed to be sensitive to physical loading, and their responses were associated with the performance-related training responses. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ac58b2c2625b40ccbdb196a2ea4f16e0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2198-9761 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-ac58b2c2625b40ccbdb196a2ea4f16e02025-01-05T12:31:09ZengSpringerOpenSports Medicine - Open2198-97612024-11-0110111410.1186/s40798-024-00779-5Morning versus Nocturnal Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability Responses to Intensified Training in Recreational RunnersOlli-Pekka Nuuttila0Heikki Kyröläinen1Veli-Pekka Kokkonen2Arja Uusitalo3Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of JyväskyläFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of JyväskyläFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of JyväskyläDepartment of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Clinicum, University of HelsinkiAbstract Background Resting heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) are widely used parameters to assess cardiac autonomic nervous system function noninvasively. While resting assessments can be performed during sleep or after awakening, it would be relevant to know how interchangeable the results of these measurements are. This study aimed at examining the alignment between nocturnal and morning assessments during regular endurance training and in response to intensive training. A total of 24 recreational runners performed a 3-week baseline period (BL) and a 2-week overload (OL) period (Lucia’s training impulse + 80%). Their running performance was assessed with a 3000-m running test after the BL and OL. The participants recorded daily their nocturnal HR and HRV (the natural logarithm of the root mean square of successive differences; LnRMSSD) with a photoplethysmography-based wrist device and performed an orthostatic test (2-min supine, 2-min standing) every morning with a chest-strap HR sensor. The HR and LnRMSSD segments that were analyzed from the nocturnal recordings included start value (SleepStart), end value (SleepEnd), first 4-h segment 30 min after detected sleep onset (Sleep4h), and full sleep time (SleepFull). The morning segments consisted of the last-minute average in both body positions. All segments were compared at BL and in response to the 3000-m test and OL. Results All nocturnal HR and LnRMSSD segments correlated with supine and standing segments at BL (r = 0.42 to 0.91, p < 0.05). After the 3000-m test, the HR increased and LnRMSSD decreased only in the SleepStart, Sleep4h, and SleepFull segments (p < 0.05). In response to the OL, the standing HR decreased (p < 0.01), while the LnRMSSD increased (p < 0.05) in all segments except for SleepStart. The Pearson correlations between relative changes in nocturnal and morning segments were − 0.11 to 0.72 (3000-m) and − 0.25 to 0.79 (OL). The OL response in Sleep4h HR and LnRMSSD correlated with the relative change in 3000-m time (r = 0.63, p = 0.001 and r=-0.50, p = 0.013, respectively). Conclusions Nocturnal and morning HR and LnRMSSD correlated moderately or highly in the majority of cases during the BL, but their responses to intensive training were not similarly aligned, especially in LnRMSSD. The nocturnal segments seemed to be sensitive to physical loading, and their responses were associated with the performance-related training responses.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-024-00779-5Parasympathetic nervous systemAutonomic nervous systemOrthostatic testOverloadEndurance training |
| spellingShingle | Olli-Pekka Nuuttila Heikki Kyröläinen Veli-Pekka Kokkonen Arja Uusitalo Morning versus Nocturnal Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability Responses to Intensified Training in Recreational Runners Sports Medicine - Open Parasympathetic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Orthostatic test Overload Endurance training |
| title | Morning versus Nocturnal Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability Responses to Intensified Training in Recreational Runners |
| title_full | Morning versus Nocturnal Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability Responses to Intensified Training in Recreational Runners |
| title_fullStr | Morning versus Nocturnal Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability Responses to Intensified Training in Recreational Runners |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morning versus Nocturnal Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability Responses to Intensified Training in Recreational Runners |
| title_short | Morning versus Nocturnal Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability Responses to Intensified Training in Recreational Runners |
| title_sort | morning versus nocturnal heart rate and heart rate variability responses to intensified training in recreational runners |
| topic | Parasympathetic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Orthostatic test Overload Endurance training |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-024-00779-5 |
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