Exercise benefits yourself and your offspring: a mini-review

Regular physical activity is widely recognized for its systemic health benefits, extending beyond physical fitness to influence metabolism, immunity, and neurophysiology. Pregnancy is a physiologically unique period characterized by dynamic immunometabolic changes that are crucial for maternal and f...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Kun Wang, Jiajia Zhao, Yanqiu Wang, Mairu Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1606790/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850122405615239168
author Kun Wang
Jiajia Zhao
Yanqiu Wang
Mairu Liu
author_facet Kun Wang
Jiajia Zhao
Yanqiu Wang
Mairu Liu
author_sort Kun Wang
collection DOAJ
description Regular physical activity is widely recognized for its systemic health benefits, extending beyond physical fitness to influence metabolism, immunity, and neurophysiology. Pregnancy is a physiologically unique period characterized by dynamic immunometabolic changes that are crucial for maternal and fetal health. Maternal exercise during this window offers a non-pharmacological strategy to enhance maternal wellbeing and optimize offspring development. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the effects of maternal exercise on both pregnant women and their offspring. In mothers, exercise improves metabolic profiles, modulates inflammatory responses, supports neuroplasticity, and promotes skeletal health. In offspring, maternal exercise confers long-term benefits including improved glucose metabolism, enhanced neurogenesis, cognitive development, and immune resilience. Mechanistically, these effects are mediated through molecular pathways such as placental superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) upregulation, adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/ten-eleven translocation (AMPK/TET) signaling in the fetal liver, and exercise-induced circulating factors like Apelin and SERPINA3C, which contribute to epigenetic remodeling and tissue-specific programming. Despite growing evidence, gaps remain in understanding the optimal intensity, timing, and molecular mediators of maternal exercise, particularly regarding long-term immune and neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. Future studies leveraging multi-omics approaches are needed to elucidate cross-organ signaling mechanisms and identify therapeutic targets to mimic exercise-induced benefits. Overall, maternal exercise emerges as a safe, accessible intervention with significant potential to improve maternal-fetal health and reduce offspring disease risk across the lifespan.
format Article
id doaj-art-ac473fbdf15a41329bcfc79aba8b9ced
institution OA Journals
issn 2296-634X
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
spelling doaj-art-ac473fbdf15a41329bcfc79aba8b9ced2025-08-20T02:34:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2025-05-011310.3389/fcell.2025.16067901606790Exercise benefits yourself and your offspring: a mini-reviewKun Wang0Jiajia Zhao1Yanqiu Wang2Mairu Liu3Faculty of Physical Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, ChinaSchool of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, ChinaRegular physical activity is widely recognized for its systemic health benefits, extending beyond physical fitness to influence metabolism, immunity, and neurophysiology. Pregnancy is a physiologically unique period characterized by dynamic immunometabolic changes that are crucial for maternal and fetal health. Maternal exercise during this window offers a non-pharmacological strategy to enhance maternal wellbeing and optimize offspring development. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the effects of maternal exercise on both pregnant women and their offspring. In mothers, exercise improves metabolic profiles, modulates inflammatory responses, supports neuroplasticity, and promotes skeletal health. In offspring, maternal exercise confers long-term benefits including improved glucose metabolism, enhanced neurogenesis, cognitive development, and immune resilience. Mechanistically, these effects are mediated through molecular pathways such as placental superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) upregulation, adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/ten-eleven translocation (AMPK/TET) signaling in the fetal liver, and exercise-induced circulating factors like Apelin and SERPINA3C, which contribute to epigenetic remodeling and tissue-specific programming. Despite growing evidence, gaps remain in understanding the optimal intensity, timing, and molecular mediators of maternal exercise, particularly regarding long-term immune and neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. Future studies leveraging multi-omics approaches are needed to elucidate cross-organ signaling mechanisms and identify therapeutic targets to mimic exercise-induced benefits. Overall, maternal exercise emerges as a safe, accessible intervention with significant potential to improve maternal-fetal health and reduce offspring disease risk across the lifespan.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1606790/fullmaternal exerciseoffspringmetabolismneuron developmentimmunity
spellingShingle Kun Wang
Jiajia Zhao
Yanqiu Wang
Mairu Liu
Exercise benefits yourself and your offspring: a mini-review
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
maternal exercise
offspring
metabolism
neuron development
immunity
title Exercise benefits yourself and your offspring: a mini-review
title_full Exercise benefits yourself and your offspring: a mini-review
title_fullStr Exercise benefits yourself and your offspring: a mini-review
title_full_unstemmed Exercise benefits yourself and your offspring: a mini-review
title_short Exercise benefits yourself and your offspring: a mini-review
title_sort exercise benefits yourself and your offspring a mini review
topic maternal exercise
offspring
metabolism
neuron development
immunity
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1606790/full
work_keys_str_mv AT kunwang exercisebenefitsyourselfandyouroffspringaminireview
AT jiajiazhao exercisebenefitsyourselfandyouroffspringaminireview
AT yanqiuwang exercisebenefitsyourselfandyouroffspringaminireview
AT mairuliu exercisebenefitsyourselfandyouroffspringaminireview