Highly Selective Precipitation of Platinum(IV) from HCl Solutions Using <i>m</i>-Phenylenediamine Utilizing Difference in Stability of Ionic Crystals

The development of a selective separation and recovery method for platinum-group metals (PGMs) is in high demand to establish efficient and practical recycling technologies for different secondary materials such as industrial automobile catalysts. In this study, the highly selective precipitation of...

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Main Authors: Kazuya Matsumoto, Yuki Hata, Hiroshi Katagiri, Mitsutoshi Jikei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Metals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/2/165
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author Kazuya Matsumoto
Yuki Hata
Hiroshi Katagiri
Mitsutoshi Jikei
author_facet Kazuya Matsumoto
Yuki Hata
Hiroshi Katagiri
Mitsutoshi Jikei
author_sort Kazuya Matsumoto
collection DOAJ
description The development of a selective separation and recovery method for platinum-group metals (PGMs) is in high demand to establish efficient and practical recycling technologies for different secondary materials such as industrial automobile catalysts. In this study, the highly selective precipitation of Pt(IV) from hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions containing Pd(II), Pt(IV), and Rh(III) was successfully achieved using <i>m</i>-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (MPDA) as a precipitant. Pt(IV) selectivity was observed at HCl concentrations higher than 7 M, whereas the co-precipitation of Rh(III) could not be suppressed using 3–7 M HCl solutions. Successful recovery of Pt(IV)-containing precipitates with high Pt yield (94.6%) and Pt purity (98.5%) was also achieved using an actual catalyst leaching solution with a complex composition containing PGMs, base metals, and rare metals. Structural analyses revealed that the Pt(IV)-containing precipitate forms ionic crystals composed of [PtCl<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2−</sup>/protonated <i>m</i>-phenylenediamine (MPDA-2H<sup>+</sup>) in a 1:1 ratio. The high stability and insolubility of the Pt(IV)-containing ionic crystals, owing to their highly packed structure, resulted in the highly selective precipitation of Pt(IV) at high HCl concentrations.
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spelling doaj-art-ac3eb64e235f4742954667a0861bce8a2025-08-20T03:11:21ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-02-0115216510.3390/met15020165Highly Selective Precipitation of Platinum(IV) from HCl Solutions Using <i>m</i>-Phenylenediamine Utilizing Difference in Stability of Ionic CrystalsKazuya Matsumoto0Yuki Hata1Hiroshi Katagiri2Mitsutoshi Jikei3Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, 1-1 Tegatagakuen-machi, Akita-shi 010-8502, Akita, JapanDepartment of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, 1-1 Tegatagakuen-machi, Akita-shi 010-8502, Akita, JapanGraduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, JapanDepartment of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, 1-1 Tegatagakuen-machi, Akita-shi 010-8502, Akita, JapanThe development of a selective separation and recovery method for platinum-group metals (PGMs) is in high demand to establish efficient and practical recycling technologies for different secondary materials such as industrial automobile catalysts. In this study, the highly selective precipitation of Pt(IV) from hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions containing Pd(II), Pt(IV), and Rh(III) was successfully achieved using <i>m</i>-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (MPDA) as a precipitant. Pt(IV) selectivity was observed at HCl concentrations higher than 7 M, whereas the co-precipitation of Rh(III) could not be suppressed using 3–7 M HCl solutions. Successful recovery of Pt(IV)-containing precipitates with high Pt yield (94.6%) and Pt purity (98.5%) was also achieved using an actual catalyst leaching solution with a complex composition containing PGMs, base metals, and rare metals. Structural analyses revealed that the Pt(IV)-containing precipitate forms ionic crystals composed of [PtCl<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2−</sup>/protonated <i>m</i>-phenylenediamine (MPDA-2H<sup>+</sup>) in a 1:1 ratio. The high stability and insolubility of the Pt(IV)-containing ionic crystals, owing to their highly packed structure, resulted in the highly selective precipitation of Pt(IV) at high HCl concentrations.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/2/165platinum group metalmetal precipitationaromatic primary diamineionic crystalhydrochloric acid
spellingShingle Kazuya Matsumoto
Yuki Hata
Hiroshi Katagiri
Mitsutoshi Jikei
Highly Selective Precipitation of Platinum(IV) from HCl Solutions Using <i>m</i>-Phenylenediamine Utilizing Difference in Stability of Ionic Crystals
Metals
platinum group metal
metal precipitation
aromatic primary diamine
ionic crystal
hydrochloric acid
title Highly Selective Precipitation of Platinum(IV) from HCl Solutions Using <i>m</i>-Phenylenediamine Utilizing Difference in Stability of Ionic Crystals
title_full Highly Selective Precipitation of Platinum(IV) from HCl Solutions Using <i>m</i>-Phenylenediamine Utilizing Difference in Stability of Ionic Crystals
title_fullStr Highly Selective Precipitation of Platinum(IV) from HCl Solutions Using <i>m</i>-Phenylenediamine Utilizing Difference in Stability of Ionic Crystals
title_full_unstemmed Highly Selective Precipitation of Platinum(IV) from HCl Solutions Using <i>m</i>-Phenylenediamine Utilizing Difference in Stability of Ionic Crystals
title_short Highly Selective Precipitation of Platinum(IV) from HCl Solutions Using <i>m</i>-Phenylenediamine Utilizing Difference in Stability of Ionic Crystals
title_sort highly selective precipitation of platinum iv from hcl solutions using i m i phenylenediamine utilizing difference in stability of ionic crystals
topic platinum group metal
metal precipitation
aromatic primary diamine
ionic crystal
hydrochloric acid
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/2/165
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AT yukihata highlyselectiveprecipitationofplatinumivfromhclsolutionsusingimiphenylenediamineutilizingdifferenceinstabilityofioniccrystals
AT hiroshikatagiri highlyselectiveprecipitationofplatinumivfromhclsolutionsusingimiphenylenediamineutilizingdifferenceinstabilityofioniccrystals
AT mitsutoshijikei highlyselectiveprecipitationofplatinumivfromhclsolutionsusingimiphenylenediamineutilizingdifferenceinstabilityofioniccrystals